Research On The Improvement Of Rural Teachers' Survival Circumstance In Absolute Poverty-stricken Areas

In 2018,the Ministry of Education and the State Council Office of Poverty Alleviation issued the “Implementation Plan for Poverty Alleviation in Poverty-stricken Areas(2018-2020)”(hereinafter referred to as the Program).The program further focused on education poverty alleviation in deep poverty areas,and tried to ensure it in three years.Deep poverty-stricken areas completed the task of developing education to get rid of poverty as scheduled.Among them,it is clearly proposed to strengthen the construction of rural teachers,especially the implementation of the “three districts and three states” rural teachers ' living subsidy policy,to achieve stability and attract outstanding talents to teach in rural schools for a long time.There are some problems that need to be solved in terms of material needs,spiritual needs and occupational needs,although the government has implemented measures to protect the rural teachers in poverty-stricken areas.Based on the problem of rural teachers' survival situation in deep poverty-stricken areas,this paper selects F County of Yunnan Nujiang Yi Autonomous Prefecture(hereinafter referred to as Nujiang State)as the research point,and F County is a typical poverty-stricken county and multi-ethnic county.Rural teachers play an important role in the development of rural education.The survival situation of rural teachers in Nujiang Prefecture of Yunnan Province is directly related to the steady development of rural education in the state.This paper conducts observations and in-depth interviews with rural teachers in F County of Nujiang Prefecture,draws on Fromm's theoretical discussion on the living conditions of human beings,and classifies according to Fromm's survival needs.From the actual research,it is summarized as material needs and spirit.Needs and occupations need three aspects to analyze the survival needs of rural teachers.The specific content includes wages and benefits,housing transportation,marriage and work,physical health,work stress,professional achievement,and social status.In interviews and observations,it is found that rural teachers still have problems in their survival needs,and the contradiction of survival has gradually become prominent.First of all,the material conditions of rural teachers in deep poverty areas are still relatively poor.Secondly,the spiritual needs of rural teachers in deep poverty areas have not been met.Third,the lack of free choice of rural teachers in deep poverty areas.In addition,the survival needs are not satisfied,which leads to the contradiction of the survival of rural teachers in deep poverty areas: the wages and salaries are far from the local civil servants,the welfare allowances are still to be further improved,and the physical and mental health has not received enough attention;at work,social status,self In terms of promotion,the local teacher establishment still uses the old time to compile the burden of rural teachers,and the title evaluation has not fully improved the enthusiasm of teachers,and the rural teachers have lower social status.Problems such as long working hours,heavy workload,and high teaching pressure still exist.In addition,some rural teachers have problems such as low professional achievement,weak self-awareness,and insufficient self-identity.Fromm believes that in order to meet people's survival needs and solve people's survival dilemma,it is necessary to analyze from the biological weaknesses,the“history of the two differences” and the“two differences” of human existence,returning to society,The economic and cultural aspects explain the impact of people's living conditions.Therefore,this study traces the geographical environment of Nujiang Prefecture,traces the national history and culture of the Yi nationality as a main ethnic group,explores the self-awareness of rural teachers in Nujiang Prefecture,and analyzes the factors affecting the living conditions of rural teachers in deep poverty areas: as a deep poverty-stricken area Nujiang Prefecture,its poor natural geographical environment affects the material needs of rural teachers,including the living conditions,the satisfaction of wages and welfare;the national cultural environment of multi-ethnic settlements affect the spiritual needs of rural teachers;the long-term closed environment leads to the self-awareness of rural teachers in Nujiang Prefecture weak,lacking of self-awareness and many other reasons which have affected the living conditions of rural teachers.Based on the above-mentioned many problems in the survival situation of rural teachers in Nujiang Prefecture,this paper proposes measures to improve the living conditions of rural teachers in deep poverty areas: first,strengthen policy inclination.to provide protection from the policy and institutional levels to ensure thatrural teachers' rights and interests.Second,promote cultural construction in areas of deep poverty.We will build rural culture,absorb the fine traditional culture of the nation,and enrich the work and life of rural teachers.Third,give financial support.To strive to narrow the wage gap between rural teachers and local civil servants,and appropriately increase the welfare of rural teachers.Finally,pay attention to the love of rural teachers in deep poverty areas,actively promotes the establishment of rural teachers' relationship with others,and strengthens the humanistic care for rural teachers in school management.