Reading Activities And Ideological Changes Of School Students In The Late Qing Dynasty(1901-1911)

The late Qing Dynasty(1901-1911)was an era of transition from tradition to modernity,and also an era of intensified calls for reform and action under internal and external troubles.Under the policy background of "abolishing imperial examinations and rejuvenating schools",the number of students in new-style schools has increased rapidly and become a social force that can not be ignored.Influenced by the ideological trend of reform and revolution,many students in schools set off a trend in academic circles,and later put themselves into the anti-Qing revolutionary movement,leaving a strong mark in the modern history of China.Reading activities of school students at the end of the Qing Dynasty not only reflected the transformation process of students,thoughts,but also an important driving force in this transformation process.From the perspective of reading history,this study reveals the relationship between school students,reading activities and ideological change from 1901 to 1911 through literature research and case study.First,by comparing the reading situation of school students in the late Qing Dynasty with that of traditional scholar-children,and the reading activities of school students before and after the abolition of imperial examinations in 1905,we can show the changing thread of the reading activities of school students in the late Qing Dynasty.Secondly,through the case study of Zhu Shisan and Zhou Zuoren,this paper explores the complex relationship between students' reading behavior and their ideological transformation in the late Qing Dynasty.In the late Qing Dynasty,compared with the traditional scholar students,the new reading media such as newspapers and periodicals replaced the traditional Chinese classics as their main reading media.The scope and content of students' reading also increased greatly,which made students develop skimming reading strategies to make up for the slow speed of intensive reading.Students' reading methods also changed,except for single reading.In addition to reading alone,they also share their reading materials and share their feelings after reading in the reading community.At the end of Qing Dynasty,the reform and abolition of imperial examinations also affected the reading activities of school students.The abolition of imperial examinations cut off the interdependent relationship between students and the Qing court.In addition,the situation of internal and extermal difficulties in the late Qing Dynasty and the increasingly loud voice of change made many students doubt and deny the traditional books carrying Confucianism.Students no longer organize their own reading activities for the main purpose of imperial examinations,or turn to current affairs,or foeus on improving and revolutionary books and periodicals,or have a strong interest in miscellaneous studies,students'reading has been expanded.From Zhu Shisan's and Zhou Zuoren's specific expositions of reading activities and ideological situation,we can see that there is an interactive relationship between the changes of students' reading activities and the changes of students' thinking.The reading activities of students in schools at the end of the Qing Dynasty not ouly reflect the transformation process of students,thinking,but also serve as an important driving force in this transformation process.However,the influence of reading activities on ideological change varies from person to person.Influenced by age,personality,personal experience,educational background,family socio-economic status and social and cultural factors,the relationship between students'reading behavior and their ideological change is complex and diverse.