Research On The Reform Of Vertical Decentralization Governance In Universities And Schools

It is an urgent task for the development of China's higher education to improve the modern university system and the effectiveness of university governance.But at present,the focus of university governance in China is on the high side,and the power is still concentrated at the university level,which makes the development of university face the challenge of insufficient motivation,which deviates from the requirements of the times to realize the modernization of education governance system and governance ability.Therefore,reforming the two-level management structure of schools and universities,and pushing the focus of university governance downwards to realize the transition from "two-level management of schools and universities" to "schools as an entity" has become the key to explore the new relationship between schools and universities,to release the vitality of schools and universities,and to improve the efficiency of two-level governance.It is not only beneficial to improve the existing internal operating system of universities in China,but also an effective way to improve the effectiveness of university governance and achieve the goal of "double first-class" construction.This research focuses on the exploration of the vertical power division of the University,using the methods of literature research,interview and case study.On the basis of discussing the historical change of the vertical decentralization governance of the University,and taking the transformation of the reform of Shanghai Jiao Tong University from "two-level management of the University and the Institute as the entity" as the starting point,focusing on the reform measures and results of Shanghai Jiao Tong University in different stages.In addition,the paper analyzes the mechanism of the reform of the vertical decentralization governance of the University,and considers the possible problems and consequences of the reform,so as to provide a perfect idea for the reform of the vertical decentralization governance of the University in China.First of all,the research expounds that in the internal governance of universities,the research focus of power division shows a trend from horizontal decentralization to vertical decentralization.Secondly,in the reform of vertical decentralization governance in Shanghai Jiao Tong University,it is found that the reform shows a "discontinuous equilibrium" evolution feature,that is,the long-term continuous and stable changes are accompanied by the short-term discontinuous and rapid changes.On this basis,it focuses on combing the development process of "schools as entity" reform of Shanghai Jiao Tong University.through discussing a series of reform measures such as comprehensive budget reform,agreement authorization,personnel system reform,etc.to expand and implement the school running autonomy of Shanghai Jiao tong University,it attempts to analyze the transformation logic from "two-level management of University and school" to " schools as entity" of Shanghai Jiao Tong University.Then,using the theory of centralization and decentralization governance to explain the difference between centralization and decentralization governance and the dialectical relationship between them,it is concluded that taking both centralization and decentralization governance into account is the best way to improve the effectiveness of governance.With the help of path dependence,"involution","discontinuous equilibrium" and other theories,the paper discusses the mechanism of the vertical decentralization reform of the University.Finally,the research finds that the current vertical decentralization governance reform of schools and universities shows the coexistence of "limited downward movement" of university power and "weak acceptance" of schools and universities,which may also lead to the imbalance between centralization and decentralization due to excessive decentralization of colleges and universities,resulting in "fragmented" management problems;"School supremacy" leads to abuse of power,resulting in corruption;and "self-governance" among colleges prevents the establishment of interdisciplinary communities.Based on this,the paper puts forward four countermeasures and suggestions: first,taking into account the centralized and decentralized governance,implementing the "two hands" strategy of decentralization;second,following the gradual reform mode and the principle of differentiated decentralization;third,improving the system construction and clarifying the division of responsibilities and rights of the University;fourth,promoting the multi-dimensional interaction between schools and realizing the interdisciplinary integration.