The Research On Commercial Education In Shanxi Province(1902-1937)

During the period of the late qing dynasty and the Republic of China,commercial education was introduced into China as an important part of the new education.In order to conform to the times,Shanxi Province constantly changed and adjusted the educational administration,and made use of the existing conditions to carry out various kinds of commercial education.There was the traditional business training of apprenticeship originally in Shanxi province,and it had formed the social fashion of mercantilism at that time,which had provided a better cultural environment for the introduction and development of new commercial education.People were easy to accept the concept of "shang" and were willing to attempt specialized commercial education in school.Therefore,the development of modern commercial education in Shanxi reflected the collision and integration of traditional and new business learning.It formed its own characteristics in this process.This article researches the commercial education in Shanxi from 1902 to1937 in the manner of macroscopic to microcosmic.First,it shows the historical and cultural background and the traditional business training.Then,it summarizes the development history of commercial education in Shanxi during this period.After that,it focuses on the commercial schools in the industrial education system and analyzes the specialized business education institutions individually.The first part mainly discusses the characteristics of local business culture and the training of traditional commercial talents in modern Shanxi.The commercial culture of "Being an official is as important as being a businessman" and "Faith and loyalty first in the trade",as well as the traditional business training of apprenticeship,had laid a foundation for the development of new commercial education.The second part mainly arranges the development process of commercial education in modern Shanxi.According to the key points of its development,this paper divides it into three historical stages: 1902-1911,1912-1926,1927-1937.Among them,from 1912 to 1926,Shanxi had the most comprehensive and systematic development of commercial education.More concretely,there were different elements of commercial teaching in industrial education,general education and social education.The third part explores the primary,middle and high commercial schools in the industrial education system,analyzing their funding,teachers,teaching and management in modern times.It is concluded that these schools were generally facing some problems such as shortage of funds,lack of teachers and so on,but there were still some experiences in teaching and management can be used for reference.The fourth part studies the typical commercial education institutions to learn more about concrete business teaching.This chapter selected the only high commercial school and the business cram school attached in provincial public education center as the research objects,exploring their establishments,teachers,teaching,evaluations and other aspects in details.The fifth part,as the conclusion of this paper,mainly summarizes and reflects on the development of modern commercial education in Shanxi,and provides certain enlightenment and reference for the growth and reform of current commercial education.