Influence Of Types Of Helping And Security Of Groups' Superior State On Recipient Reactions

The study of helping has been an independent aera of social psychology since the 1960 s.The majorities of these research more concern with the question of help givers instead of help recipients.recipient reactions mean the experience of receiving help.Recipient reactions can be classified into three categories: behavioral responses,internal perceptions,and external perceptions.Previous researches have more focused on the categories of recipient reactions but not their relations.The mental mechanism of recipient reactions is one of questions which we want to explore.Based on Threat to Self-esteem model of reactions to help,recipient reactions are shaped by the characteristics of the recipient,the helper–recipient relationship,and the characteristics of the help.There are two shortcomings of this model.First this model's independent variable is the content of helping,and the second problem is research theme is interpersonal help,but not intergroup help.The second questions which we want to explore is the influence of difference types of helping: dependency-oriented Help and autonomy-oriented Help.The third question is the moderation effect of the security of groups' state.In two experiments,we recruited 328 participants.Experiment 1 demonstrate that the influence of types of helping on recipient reactions,and the mental mechanism of recipient reactions.145 participants in experiment 1 received either dependency-or autonomy-oriented help from a classmate.In line with previous hypothesis,receiving dependency-oriented help led to more negative reactions.We also found that the inference of helping motivation and gratitude mediated between types of helping and future relation.There are 183 participants in Experiment 2.Experiment 2 additionally examined the influence of the security of groups' superior state on recipient reactions,which manipulated two independent variables simultaneously: difference types of help and the security of groups' state.This experiment not only repeat the result of experiment 1,but also identified the moderated effect of the security of groups' state.When the state is not security,receiving dependency-oriented help will lead the most negative reaction,while receiving autonomy-oriented help will lead the most positive reaction.Our investigation indicated that,compared to the recipients who receive autonomy-oriented help,the one who receive dependency-oriented help will led to more negative reactions.Especially when the groups' State is unsecured,the one's experience is the most negative.To be specifically,the psychological mechanism is the participants who received dependency-oriented help will infer the more selfish and negative helping motivation,then they will be less gratitude,finally they will expect more native future relation with the helper.In theory,these findings expand the scope of the origin model.In practice,these findings inspire how to establish more harmony helping relation.