The Effects Of Exports On Human Capital Accumulation In China

With the development of China's foreign trade and the arrival of the era of knowledge economy,the level of scientific and technological content in manufacturing export products not only plays a key role in China's promotion of international competitiveness,but also has an important impact on human capital accumulation.In recent years,more and more scholars have focused on the study of the impact of trade openness on human capital,but have not yet reached a consensus conclusion.Therefore,this paper will use the paired data of manufacturing enterprises to study the following three questions from microcosmic point of view:(1)Does China's export trade affect human capital accumulation measured by the average years of education?(2)Does the export of general trade and processing trade have different effects on human capital accumulation?(3)Do different industries,different regions and exports to different countries affect human capital accumulation to varying degrees?This paper is divided into six parts.The first part expounds the research background of the impact of China's export trade on human capital accumulation.The second part reviews the development of human capital theory,measurement and relationship between trade opening and human capital.This paper finds that the interpretation and measurement of human capital have not been unified,and the impact of trade openness on human capital accumulation is also uncertain.Therefore,it is still necessary to study the impact of export trade on human capital accumulation.The third part analyzes the development and changes of China's export trade and human capital accumulation,and provides a realistic basis for the subsequent empirical test.From a macro perspective,the scale of China's export trade continues to expand,while the average education level of manufacturing workers is still low,and the relationship between exports and human capital accumulation needs further empirical testing.The fourth part establishes the theoretical model,deduces the measurement model,and initially estimates the possible empirical results.In the fifth part,this paper uses the enterprise-level cross-section data obtained from the merger of the industrial enterprise database and the customs database in 2004,and uses the OLS method and the 2SLS method that introduces an instrument variable to conduct empirical tests.From the overall situation of enterprises,exports are not conducive to human capital accumulation.In terms of different factor intensity,the negative impact of capital and technology-intensive enterprise exports on human capital accumulation is greater than that of resources and laborintensive enterprises.In terms of different regions,the negative impact of exports from manufacturing enterprises in the eastern region is smaller than that in the middle and western regions.For exports from different income countries(regions),exports to higher-income countries(regions)are more detrimental to human capital accumulation than lower-income(regions)exports.The impact of general trade enterprise exports on human capital accumulation is similar to the overall situation of enterprises.From the perspective of processing trade enterprises,exports are conducive to human capital accumulation.In terms of different factor intensity,the export of resources and labor-intensive enterprises is conducive to the accumulation of capital by human capital,and the impact of technologyintensive enterprises is the opposite.In terms of different regions,exports in the eastern region promote human capital accumulation,while exports from the central and western regions are not conducive to human capital accumulation.For exports from different income countries(regions),exports to higher-income countries(regions)are conducive to human capital accumulation,while exports to lower-income countries(regions)are not conducive to human capital accumulation.The empirical results are in line with the expectations of the theoretical model.In the sixth part,this paper will propose policy recommendations for promoting human capital accumulation in China from three aspects based on the empirical results: government,enterprises and individuals.Different from most related researches from the macroscopic point of view,this paper adopts enterprise-customs matching data and adopts rigorous and standardized measurement methods to better overcome endogenous problems and comprehensively make analysis from multiple angles,and deepens the research on the impact of existing international trade on the labor market.The results of this paper have certain guiding significance for the government to formulate relevant export structure adjustment policies,enterprise development industry transformation and upgrading strategies,and personal improvement of their own education and skill level.