Research On The Impact Of Human Capital Accumulation On The Upgrading Of Export Commodity Structure In China

The problem of export commodity structure has always been a focus of international trade theory research,and it is also one of the longest lasting fields of international trade theory research.After Adam Smith proposed the theory of absolute advantage,international trade theories such as the theory of comparative advantage and the H-O theory evolved.Since China’s reform and opening up,foreign trade is not only an integral part of the national economy,but also an increasingly prominent position in international trade,which plays an increasingly significant role in promoting the development of the world economy.At present,China’s foreign trade is facing the key stage of transformation from large to strong,and optimizing China’s trade structure is the top priority in the next stage of foreign trade work.After reading the papers at home and abroad,this paper applies human capital theory and the first attempt to sort out the impact of human capital stock and structural changes on the upgrading of China’s export commodity structure from a theoretical perspective.Then it constructs an empirical model of the influencing factors of export commodity structure,including human capital,foreign direct investment,R&D investment,etc.Using the panel data of 30 provinces in China from2003 to 2018,according to the commodity name and coding coordination system,the export commodities are divided into 22 categories to analyze the current situation and changes in the structure of China’s export commodities.The fixed effect model is used to test the effect of these factors on export commodity structure,and the robustness of the model is tested.The results of the study show that there are strong links between China’s export commodity structure and human capital,foreign direct investment,R&D investment,China’s foreign direct investment,the level of financial development and the real exchange rate.The regression results of sub sample human capital level are consistent with the results of the whole sample,and the promotion effect of the eastern region is greater than that of the central and western regions.This shows that China’s human capital accumulation has an important impact on the upgrading of China’s export commodity structure.Foreign direct investment can greatly promote the optimization of China’s export commodity structure.Foreign direct investment,the degree of financial development and R&D investment have heterogeneous effects on the optimization of China’s export commodity structure.The real exchange rate has a certain impact on the change of China’s export commodity structure,but the effect is not very significant.This paper also makes the following recommendations in response to the above findings:(1)increase investment in human capital,and form an optimal allocation of human capital stock and structure,so as to be more conducive to the advancement of the export commodity structure;(2)reasonably allocate R&D investment in various regions,and adjust trade policy to match further opening up demand(3)introduce foreign high-tech,and avoid the formation of an island economy,encourage foreign direct investment enterprises and Chinese enterprises to have a benign interaction,and form a close relationship with the local economy,so that we can better obtain the technology spillover effect of the home country;(4)advance technology-seeking foreign direct investment,so that China can obtain reverse technology spillover effects;(5)relaxing financing restrictions and capital controls,thereby increasing the export of high value-added products;(6)proportion of capital-abundant products and labor-abundant products The difference will affect China’s export product structure,so capital-rich products should be supported.