Study On Physical Health Characteristics And Influencing Factors Of The Elderly Living In The Plateau And Sub-plateau Regions

Population aging has become a worldwide problem.China entered the ranks of population aging countries in 2000.It is expected that the population aging peak will be reached in 2050,when the elderly population will account for 34.9% of the total population.This will certainly give us many challenges in terms of medical care,social welfare and social service capabilities.The geographical features of my country are complex.The area of the four major plateaus accounts for 36.64% of the total land area.The number of plateau residents aged 65 and over is 3037 million,accounting for18.2% of the total population of the same age in the country.However,there are few researches on the physical health of the elderly on the plateau.High altitude clinical medical research shows that the climate characteristics of high cold and hypoxia can mobilize the human body through the "acquisition-adaptation" mechanism to produce beneficial effects of improving cardiopulmonary and blood functions,enhancing oxygen utilization and improving metabolism.Therefore,it is especially critical to further raise the concern about the physical decline caused by aging in the plateau elderly population.This study conducted a questionnaire survey on the elderly at different altitudes,screened the elderly who meet the test standards for physical fitness testing,and then analyzed the basic characteristics of the physical health of the elderly living in the plateau and sub-plateau.Comparative analysis of health,to find the influencing factors of the physical health of the elderly in the plateau and sub-plateau.According to the physical characteristics and influencing factors of the elderly at different altitudes,we tried to provide suggestions on reducing unhealthy behaviors,strengthening exercise effects,and preventing injuries.In this study,the physical health characteristics of 60-74 year olds living in the plateau(Xining City)and sub-plateau(Lanzhou City)and their influencing factors were taken as the research objects.Using literature methods,measurement methods,questionnaire surveys and mathematical statistics methods,according to the "New Physical Test" on the physical fitness of the elderly,520 elderly people living in Xining and Lanzhou urban areas were tested for physical fitness.And use the ADL scale and the elderly health questionnaire to obtain the factors that affect the physical health of the elderly.SPSS 22.0's independent sample T test was used to analyze the differences inbody shape,physical function,and physical fitness of the elderly in the plateau and sub-plateau;Spearman rank correlation coefficient was used to test factors such as living pattern,living habits,physical exercise and physical fitness of the elderly Health relevance;use multiple linear regression analysis to find the factors that affect the physical health of the elderly.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)Most of the elderly in the plateau and sub-plateau have normal body shapes,and they show significant differences in BMI and abdominal dimensions.The overweight and obesity rate of the elderly in the plateau is slightly higher than the national average of the elderly,and it has a certain risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.In addition,the waist-to-hip ratio index reflects that 41.1% of the total number of plateau elderly with a high risk of cardiovascular disease,and 25.2%of sub-plateau elderly.All morphological indicators suggest that plateau and sub-plateau elderly should increase cardiovascular disease.Precautionary awareness.(2)The physical function indexes of the elderly in the plateau and sub-plateau are basically in the normal range.The elderly in the plateau and sub-plateau show significant differences in the systolic and diastolic blood pressure indexes.In terms of physical fitness,the plateau and sub-plateau elderly were significantly different in the other six indicators except for the 10-meter obstacle.The elderly at two altitudes performed better in grip strength and flexibility,their endurance and physical coordination performance were normal,and their core strength was poor.It is worth noting that the elderly in the plateau perform poorly on the two indicators of core strength and balance ability.(3)There are many factors that affect the physique of the elderly on the plateau and sub-plateau.Among them,the factors affecting the physical form of the elderly in the plateau are smoking and drinking,the factors affecting the physical function are age,and the effects of physical fitness are age,smoking,drinking,and living pattern And physical exercise;the influencing factors of the physical form of the elderly in the sub-plateau are age,diet,exercise mode,the influencing factors of physical function are smoking,drinking and physical exercise,and the influencing factors of physical fitness are age,diet,living pattern,physical exercise and Exercise method.(4)Through regression analysis of many factors affecting the physical fitness of the elderly in the plateau and sub-plateau,it is found that gender and living patternshave a greater impact on the physical fitness of the elderly in the plateau,and physical exercise and exercise methods have more influence on the sub-plateau Physical fitness of the elderly.In addition,the family living mode is more conducive to the physical and mental health of the elderly.Increasing the number of physical exercises can effectively improve the physical health of the elderly.