The Evaluation And Influence Factor Analysis On Innovation Efficiency Of Chinese Industrial Enterprises From The Perspective Of Heterogeneity

Industry,as the lifeblood of the national economy,has always been an important pillar of China's economic development.On the one hand,China has made remarkable achievements in the development of industry since the reform and opening up.However,on the other hand,the industrial development in China trends to be getting weak,and the rate of growth is slowing down under the background of innovation driven and intelligent transformation.Therefore,evaluating the innovation efficiency on Chinese industrial enterprises and exploring the reasons behind the influence factors have important significance.On basis of that,the paper also aims to put forward some suggestions and ideas for the improvement of innovation efficiency in industrial enterprises,which has a great impact on industrial transformation and upgrading,and the enhancement of independent innovation ability and national competitiveness.Based on related theories and literature review,industrial enterprises are divided into three groups of high technology intensive enterprises,medium technology intensive enterprises and low technology intensive enterprises under the consideration of heterogeneous technology frontiers.Also,the process of innovation is divided into research and development stage and marketing stage.Then the paper evaluates the innovation efficiency of industrial enterprises above the scale of 36 industries in China from 2009 to 2015 with meta-frontier function and two-stage DEA model.Later,heterogeneous innovation participants including business entities,government entities,foreign businessmen and research institutes are brought into the framework to analyze the influence factors of innovation efficiency with Tobit model,using panel data.The results show that the innovation efficiency differs under the condition of technical homogeneity and technical heterogeneity.From the perspective of heterogeneous technology,the low innovation efficiency of the R&D stage and the marketing stage reduce the overall efficiency.What's more,the low efficiency of the marketing stage is the main reason that causes the overall efficiency in bad performance.Therefore,the space of progress on innovation efficiency in industrial enterprises of China is large.Moreover,the innovation efficiency of different groups in comprehensive stage and R&D stage rates from high to low as follows: high technology intensive enterprises,medium technology intensive enterprises and low technology intensive enterprises.Also,the innovation efficiency of different groups in marketing stage rates from high to low as follows: medium technology intensive enterprises,low technology intensive enterprises and high technology intensive enterprises.From the dynamic point of view,from 2009 to 2015,the innovation efficiency of industrial enterprises in different innovation stages has not been significantly improved.In addition,in the perspective of heterogeneous subjects,the effect of different innovation participants on different groups and stages of innovation differs.To some extent,it may explain why scholars draw the opposite conclusion when studying on the effects of influence factors on industrial innovation in the past.The reason may be that the industrial enterprises are not regarded as a technical heterogeneity or the "black box" of the innovation process is not opened.Finally,it pointed out that business entities,government entities,foreign businessmen and research institutes should adopt differential methods to different enterprises and different innovation stages.