Research On The Temporal And Spatial Distribution Patterns And Driving Factors Of Famous Historical And Cultural Villages And Towns In Zhejiang Province

With the rapid development of economy and society in our country,cities and villages are undergoing an unprecedented transformation.The huge rural population has completed the great migration from rural to urban areas,setting off a climax of rapid urbanization in China.On this background,many problems as for the protection and development of historical and cultural villages and towns appeared,such as serious commercialization and homogenization,weak protection awareness as well as lag in planning,which have hindered the healthy development of ancient villages and towns.This paper takes the famous historical and cultural villages and towns in Zhejiang Province as research objects,discussing their spatial distribution pattern and driving factors from the perspective of historical change,and gives some suggestions on the problems arising in the process of development and protection of historical and cultural villages and towns,which will potentially benefit the benign development of famous historical and cultural villages.This paper takes 224 national and provincial famous historical and cultural villages and towns as research objects,taking the central theory,human-land relationship theory,point-axis theory,sustainable development as theoretical basis,and the research of famous towns in Zhejiang Province was carried out mainly from two aspects including the characteristics of time and space distribution and driving factors.Firstly,with the help of the GoogleEarth software and referring to many historical data,this paper comprehensively collects information on the forms,origins,and causes of historical and cultural villages and towns,and classifies the villages and towns from three aspects:topography,layout,and leading causes;On the basis of the obtained data and classification results,using many analytical methods including nuclear density analysis,center of gravity analysis,standard deviation ellipse,spatial hotspot analysis,trend surface analysis,etc.,systematic research of the spatial and temporal distribution pattern of famous historical and cultural villages in Zhejiang Province was conducted from the perspectives of historical changes and current situation distribution.Then Logistic regression model and geographical detector were used to quantitatively analyze the driving factors of spatial distribution of historical and cultural villages and towns from the aspects of natural and humanity coupling with many factors.Furthermore,the influence of resource endowment,culture and religion,and evaluation criteria on spatial distribution of villages and towns was qualitatively analyzed.Finally,this paper gave some targeted recommendations against the problems existing in the process of protection and development of historical and cultural villages and towns.This paper mainly draws the following conclusions:(1)The founding dynasties of these famous historical and cultural villages in Zhejiang Province were concentrated in the Tang,Song,Ming and Qing Dynasties,among which the number of villages and towns built in the Song Dynasty was the most;The famous villages and towns went through the change rule of "accumulation towards the northern Zhejiang Plain-gradual southwardness-near uniformity-accumulation towards the provincial center",and the geomorphological selectivity of "Northern Zhejiang Plain Area>Jinqu Basin Area>Western Zhejiang Hilly Area>Eastern Zhejiang Low Mountain Area>the Coastal Plain Island Area>Southern Zhejiang Mountain Area" has appeared during the transition.The distribution center of the historical and cultural villages from the Spring and Autumn Period to the Qing Dynasty moved overall towards the southwest direction,with a cumulative movement of 159.795 km,and the distribution range gradually expanded to the south and tended to be scattered.(2)Judging from the research results of the spatial distribution pattern driving factors of villages and towns in current situation,the decisive size of natural factors to famous historical and cultural villages and towns is:slope>distance from urban center>distance from water system>elevation;Exploration of humanity and social factors found that the mileage of domestic highways and the per capita disposable income of urban and rural residents are the two most powerful explanation and stable factors for the spatial distribution characteristics of historical and cultural villages and towns,and the influence of domestic highway mileage is particularly significant;The interaction between humanity and social factors is much greater than the influence of a single factor on the spatial distribution of villages and towns.The two factors of domestic highway mileage and total population at the end of the year show a strong interaction and driving effect,and the influence of other factors will enlarge multiply when they interact with the above two.(3)In view of the problems arising in the process of protection and development of historical and cultural villages and towns,it is recommended to settle from the following aspects:improve the relevant laws and regulations,strengthen supervision;make overall considerations,prepare scientific and rational planning;strengthen the inherent physical protection of villages and towns to highlight the heritage of culture;establish a complete information system and provide mature technical support.