The Effects Of Chicken Manure And Cake Fertilizer On The Quality, Nutrients And Physiological Activities Of Chinese Cabbage

China is a large country of vegetable production,and application of chemical fertilizer is an important means to achieve high quality and high yield of vegetables.Excessive application of chemical fertilizer will not only cause soil acidification,hardening,nutrient loss,greenhouse effect,eutrophication of water and other hazards,but also reduce vegetable quality,nitrate accumulation,resulting in production reduction and other phenomena.Therefore,this study explored the effects of the application of chicken manure and cake fertilizer on the growth and development,quality,physiological activity,and nutrient absorption of pakchoi,and screened the optimal organic fertilizer types and concentrations for the growth of pakchoi,so as to provide an important basis for the sustainable production of pakchoi.In greenhouses by pot experiment,a total of 5 treatments were set up,such as control CK?conventional fertilization?,T1?chicken manure N accounted for 25%of the total N and N accounted for 75%of the total N fertilizer?,T2?chicken manure N accounted for 50%of the total N and N accounted for 50%of the total N fertilizer?and T3?cake fertilizer N accounted for 25%of the total N and N accounted for 75%of the total N fertilizer?,T4?cake fertilizer N accounted for 50%of the total N and N accounted for 50%of the total N fertilizer?,and this study measured the growth and development,dry matter quality,physiological activity,quality,plant nutrient accumulation,soil nutrients,and soil biological activity of pakchoi at 15,30,and 45 days after emergence under different treatments.The results are as follows:?1?The application of chicken manure and cake fertilizer can promote the growth and development of pakchoi.Among them,the application of cake fertilizer N accounted for 25%treatment?T3?showed significant effects.At 45 days after emergence of pakchoi,plant height,stem diameter,leaf number,fresh weight,dry matter quality compared with conventional fertilization treatment?CK?were increased by 66.1%,47.4%,42.9%,237.3%and 142.7%,and the effect of applying chicken manure N accounted for 50%treatment?T2?on the growth and development of pakchoi was more obvious than that of chicken manure N accounted for 25%treatment?T1??2?At 30 days after emergence of pakchoi,the net photosynthetic rate of T2 treatment was significantly higher than that of other treatments,and the intercellular CO₂ concentration was the lowest.At 45 days after emergence,the net photosynthetic rate of T2 treatment decreased significantly,and the intercellular CO₂ concentration increased significantly.The net photosynthetic rate of T3 increased with the growth period,which was significantly higher than that of CK and T2 treatments,respectively increased by 19.4%and 18.1%,and the intercellular CO₂ concentration decreased by 2.2%and 6.9%.?3?At 30 days after emergence of pakchoi,the application of chicken manure and cake fertilizer increased the soluble protein content compared with CK,and the soluble sugar content of cake manure treatment was higher than that of chicken manure treatment;the vitamin C content of T3 treatment was the highest during the whole growth period,and it increased by26.5%compared with CK at 45 days after emergence.The nitrate content in cake fertilizer treatment showed the most obvious decrease in the growth period.At 45 days after emergence,the nitrate content in T2,T3 and T4 treatment significantly decreased by 27.6%,23.0%and32.2%compared with that in conventional fertilization treatment?CK?.?4?The application of chicken manure and cake fertilizer can significantly improve the activities of nitrogen metabolism-related enzymes.At 45 days after emergence,the content of nitrate reductase in organic fertilizer treatment significantly increased by 29.7%,36.0%,18.8%,and 19.7%,respectively compared with CK;The activity of glutamine synthase in T2 and T4was significantly higher than that of T1,T3 and CK.At 30 days after emergence,the GOGAT activity of T3 treatment was significantly higher than that of other treatments,which were respectively increased by 26.7%,197.3%,132.3%and 168.7%compared with CK,T1,T2,and T4 treatments,and at 45 days after emergence,the treatments of applying chicken manure and cake fertilizer were significantly higher than CK.?5?During the middle and late stages of pakchoi growth,the nutrient accumulation of pakchoi plants treated with chicken manure and cake fertilizer was significantly higher than that of CK,and among them,T3 significantly increased the nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium nutrient accumulation of pakchoi.At 45 days after emergence,nitrogen accumulation of T3respectively increased by 209.0%,111.8%,27.2%and 70.8%compared with CK,T1,T2 and T4,phosphorus accumulation increased by 93.4%,81.3%,27.5%and 26.9%,and potassium accumulation increased by 139.7%,75.4,%,17.9%and 39.3%.?6?At 15d and 30d after emergence of pakchoi,the available phosphorus content of T3 soil was significantly higher than other fertilization treatments,which were 25.0%,20.4%,58.3%and 32.0%higher than that of CK,T1,T2 and T4 treatments at 15 days after emergence,and32.9%,30.5%,29.4%and 11.5%higher at 30 days after emergence.The effects of applying chicken manure and cake fertilizer on the content of soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and rapidly available potassium were not obvious.?7?The application of cake fertilizer treatment at 15-30 days after emergence of pakchoi increased the catalase activity of soil compared with CK.At 45 days after emergence,the soil sucrase activity of T3 treatment was significantly higher than that of other treatments,which was 25.8%,22.2%,28.9%and 25.7%higher than that of CK,T1,T2 and T4 treatments,respectively.To sum up:in the cultivation and management of pakchoi,the application of chicken manure and cake fertilizer can effectively promote its growth and development of the plant and the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium nutrient accumulation,improve the quality and the activity of nitrogen metabolism-related enzymes,reduce the accumulation of nitrate,and improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil;Among them,the treatment effect of applying cake fertilizer N accounted for 25%was the most obvious,followed by applying chicken manure.