Research On The Rhyme Of Shenchi Daoqing Opera

Shenchi Daoqing Opera is a branch of Jinbei Daoqing Drama,which developed into a mature opera in the reign of emperor Qianlong of Qing dynasty.It is mainly popular in the areas of Shanxi Province,Shaanxi Province,Inner Mongolia and Hebei Province,and was a representative local opera art form in Xinzhou district of Shanxi Province.In recent years,the research achievements of Shanxi opera are quite abundant,but most of them are from the perspective of Chinese opera and musicology,and the literature research and language research are lacking.The study of drama rhyme also made some achievements.However,there is no one involved in the study of the phonology of local operas such as Daoqing Opera.It has a long history and beautiful singing,which not only retains the original singing style,but also combines some music components of folk songs and other local operas.It is extremely local and retains about 100 parts of the repertoire.It is the most popular part of the opera in the north of Shanxi Province.And the verse materials of Shenchi Daoqing Opera contains a lot of dialect material,which provides a rich material for the study of the language of the opera.In this paper,we take the Thirteen Rhymes(???)system as reference,which has been widely used to drama and folk art forms in northern regions since Ming and qing dynasties,and analyze the rhyme materials in 85 ShenChi Daoqing plays of the ShenChi Daoqing Opera Scripts(????????).The first step is to determine the rhyme and unite the rhyming word with reference to rhyme sorting.Then,through the statistics and analysis of the rhyme word,we conclude that there are 11 rhymes of ShenChi Daoqing opera,including the Fahuazhe(???),Suobozhe(???),Gusuzhe(???),Yiqizhe(???),Huailaizhe(???),Huiduizhe(???),Yaotiaozhe(???),Youqiuzhe(???),Yanxiezhe(???),Jiangyangzhe(???)and Dongchenzhe(???).Then describe the details of the rhymes and list the rhyme spectrum.In addition,analysis the characteristics between the different rhyme categoriess,and analyzes the pronunciation of rhyme words in Middle Chinese and the current developments of it with reference to GuangYun(??).In the final,compares the rhyme system of Shenchi Daoqing Opera with local dialect voice system and Mandarin pronunciation system,so as to analyze the phonetic features in the north of Jinbei area.Through the analysis and study of the script verse,it is found that the function words can be used in rhyme,and the Ping tone and Ze tone can be used together,besides,the rhyme word Can be repeated.Moreover,influenced by the dialect,there appeared a lot of multi-rhyming phenomena in the rhyme,such as the mixing of Yiqizhe and Huiduizhe,the mixing of the Huiduizhe with the Huailaizhe,the mixing of the Jiangyangzhe and the Suobozhe,etc.Through research and analysis of the mixed rhyme,it is found that there are several phonetic features in the Shenchi dialect:1.The neutral tone words of five ancient rime groups Shen(?),Zhen(?),Zeng(?),Geng(?),Tong(?)have been merged.So in the Shenchi Daoqing drama,the rhyme words of Zhongdongzhe(???)and Renchenzhe(???)often used together.This is also the main reason why we have merged these two rhymes into Dongchenzhe.2.The rhyme words in Yanqianzhe(???)of the Thirteen Rhymes mainly from the ancient rime groups of Shan(?)and Xian(?).The nasal consonant of this part of the rhyme words in the Shenchi dialect has disappeared,with the tongue position of main vowel raised,which is similar to the pronunciation of characters in Miexiezhe(???).So in the final induction part,we also combine these two rhymes into one rhyme.3.The vowel of some characters in ancient rime groups of Xie(?)and Zhi(?)have merged in the Shenchi dialect.However,in the scene of the Shenchi Daoqing drama,the two rhymes are not mixed.Therefore,these two rhymes are divided into two separate rhymes.4.The nasal consonant of Dang(?)and Jiang(?)have also disappeared,merge with some neutral tone words of Guo(?)group in colloquial reading.So in the Shenchi Daoqing opera,some words in Suobozhe rhyme with words in Jiangyangzhe,which was also influenced by dialects.5.There are also differents between the literary reading and colloquial reading on some characters,such as "xie"(?),"mei"(?),"bei"(?)etc.This also affects the induction of rhyme characters.The above several phonetic characteristics all affect the rhyme of the Shenchi Daoqing drama,and it is also the main reason of the multi-rhyming.Moreover,through the analysis of some language materials other than the verse in the script,it has also been found that the consonants of words in ancient Jing(?)and Zhizhuangzhang(???)group have also merged in the Shenchi dialect.In addition,through the analysis of the rhyme words,we found that although the entering tone is retained in the dialect,it not used alone and always rhyme with nasal rhythm.This shows that the ShenChi dialect has been in evolvement of vanishing of tail vowel in entering tone,which is also in line with its overall development trend in dialects.