The Influence Of Anger, Fear And Achievement Goals On Risk Decision-making

This study takes freshmen at a special school in Hangzhou as subjects,to explore the impact of anger,fear and achievement goal orientation on risk decision-making.The main purpose of Study 1 is to explor whether there was a difference between individuals of performance-approach,mastery-approach,performance-avoidance and mastery-avoidance on risk decision-making.Adopted the two factors between subjects design.Independent variables were four kinds of achievement goal orientation(including mastery-avoidance,mastery-approach,performance-avoidance and performance-approach)and gender(male,female),and dependent variables were the score of Balloon Analog Risk Task.The subjects were randomly divided into four groups and the number of men and women in each group was equal.After receiving instruction of mastery-avoidance,mastery-approach,performance-avoidance and performance-approach goal in Eprime2.0,Balloon Analog Risk Task was completed.The results showed that:The main effect of achievement goal orientation on risk decision was significant,the BART of the performance-avoidance and performance-approach were higher than that of the mastery-avoidance and mastery-approach.Both the main effect of gender on risk decision-making and the interaction effect between gender and achievement goal orientation on risk decision-making was not significant.On the basis of Study 1,Study 2 to explore whether different emotions affect risk decision-making among individuals with different achievement goals.Study 2 adopted two factors between subjects design.Independent variables were four kinds of achievement goal orientation(including mastery-avoidance,mastery-approach,performance-avoidance and performance-approach)and emotions(including control group,anger,fear),and dependent variables were also the score of Balloon Analog Risk Task.Firstly,the subjects were randomly divided into twelve groups to complete the pretesting problem about specific emotion.Secondly,to respectively watch the corresponding emotion-evoking movie clips and instructions.Finally,to complete Balloon Analog Risk Task and the post-testing problem about specific emotion.All the experiments were carried out using E-prime2.0,as to ensure that subjects could complete Balloon Analog Risk Task immediately after inducing their emotion.The results showed that:The main effect of emotion on risk decision-making was significant,the BART of the anger group and fear group were lower than that of the control group.The main effect of achievement goal orientation on risk decision was of marginal significance.The interaction effect between emotion and achievement goal orientation on risk decision-making was also significant.In the state of anger,the BART of all kinds of achievement goal orientation were no difference.However,in the state of fear,the BART of performance-approach and mastery-approach higher than the BART of performance-avoidance and mastery-avoidance.In the state of natural emotion,the performance-approach and performance-avoidance higher than the BART of mastery-avoidance and mastery-approach tended to risk aversion.On the basis of these results,we can reach the following conclusion:1,There was no obvious difference between men and women in risk decision-making tendency.2,There were remarkable differences in risk decision-making tendency of individuals with different achievement goal orientation.The performance-approach and performance-avoidance tended to risk seeking,while mastery-avoidance and mastery-approach tended to risk aversion.3,Emotions affected people's risk decision-making tendency and negative emotion made the individual more prone to risk aversion compared with the control group.But even both were negative emotion,fear made the individual more prone to risk aversion compared with anger.4,Emotion affected the risk decision-making tendency of different achievement goal orientation individuals.Anger made all kinds of achievement goal orientation tend to risk seeking.However,in the state of fear,individuals of performance-approach and mastery-approach tended to risk seeking,while individuals of performance-avoidance goal and mastery-avoidance tended to risk aversion,in the state of natural emotion,the performance-approach and performance-avoidance tended to risk seeking,while mastery-avoidance and mastery-approach tended to risk aversion.