Research On The Socialist Transformation Of The Textile Industry In Southern Jiangsu In The 1950s

South Jiangsu is one of the oldest textile industrial bases in China.In 1890,modern industry was founded by bureaucrats,landlords and businessmen.During World War I,the textile industry in southern Jiangsu took shape.After World War I,imperialism intensified its aggression and instigated warlord confrontation,which severely hit the national industry.During the Anti-Japanese War,the Japanese army carried out economic plunder,and the national textile industry was devastated.The national bourceoisie showed different behaviors and strategies in the face of Japanese pressure.After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan,due to the temporary vacancy of international and domestic markets,there appeared a short "golden age",followed by the oppression of national textile industry by bureaucratic capital groups.From February to April 1949,after the liberation of Jiangsu,the national textile industry was faced with many difficulties in resuming production.Lack of raw materials,insufficient funds,sluggish sales and negative expectations of capitalists are the four major obstacles to the resumption of textile industry.On the one hand,the Communist Party of China publicizes the policies of protecting and supporting national industries and commerce to capitalists,on the other hand,it provides financial and raw material assistance through the People's Bank of China and the State-owned China Trading Corporation,and encourages cotton cultivation and silkworm rearing,which gradually restores the textile.In order to bring the production of private textile enterprises into the national planned economy track and realize the policy of utilization,restriction and transformation of private enterprises,the governments in southern Jiangsu have reformed the private textile enterprises in the form of state capitalist junior and intermediate level such as acquisition,wholesale purchase,processing and ordering,unified purchase and marketing,and joint venture purchase according to the instructions of the central government.During the period of national economic recovery,with the recovery and development of production,the capitalists'behavior of pursuing profits and resisting the leadership of the state-owned economy has become more and more obvious,and the "five poisons" such as bribery,tax evasion and tax evasion,theft of state property,stolen work and materials,and theft of state economic information have appeared.For illegal activities against the capitalists,carry out the limitation and counter limitation and struggle "against the movement leadership of CPC,the masses of workers to further consolidate the leading position of the state economy,also make a profound understanding of capitalist changes in their political and economic status,to lay the foundation of public-private partnerships.After the general line of the transitional period was promulgated,southern Jiangsu began to reform private textile enterprises in a planned way in accordance with the instructions given by the central government to the task of the first Five-Year Plan for the textile industry in Jiangsu.In 1954,the first batch of 11 large-scale private textile enterprises in southern Jiangsu took the lead in joint venture.In January 1956,driven by the climax of agricultural cooperation,southern Jiangsu entered the climax of joint venture in the whole industry.By April,the socialist transformation of textile industry was basically completed in southern Jiangsu.In the process of joint venture of textile industry in Southern Jiangsu,there are three focuses of struggle between public and private enterprises.The first focuses on the struggle for market control,the second focuses on the struggle for product quality,and the third focuses on the issue of labor-paid price with capital and profit as the core.The entire industry joint venture,according to the actual situation in various regions,the implementation of economic restructuring and the reform of production,assets and stock of fixed interest,management personnel arrangement and transformation of the joint venture's dual transformation policy.At the same time,the production management of capitalist enterprises and the material and cultural life of workers should be reformed socially.In business management,we should abolish the system of body search,the system of head control,the reform of working hours,the implementation of the "three shifts" system,the implementation of the Marriage Law,and the establishment of party,League and trade union organizations at all levels to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of workers.In terms of enterprise production,further reforms have been made in four aspects:technology management,plan management,financial management and labor management,thus forming a reasonable and effective production management mode,which improves the product quality and output of textile enterprises.In the cultural life of workers'hostages,the living conditions,educational conditions and working conditions of workers should be improved from four aspects:the implementation of labor insurance regulations,the reform of workers' wages,the development of collective cultural activities and the improvement of workers'working conditions,so as to ensure their physical and mental health.To realize the comprehensive transformation of private textile enterprises.Through a historical review of the socialist transformation of textile industry in southern Jiangsu,we can see that the national bourgeoisie has undergone complex psychological changes,and capitalists,like private enterprises,have undergone a process of rebirth with the "five evils"movement as the node.The general manifestation is the active or passive,positive or negative cooperation and acceptance of the Communist Party's policy from the vacillation,coping with and discontent before the "five counter-revolutionaries" to the "five counter-revolutionaries".The textile industry in southern Jiangsu has three characteristics in the process of transformation:one is the gradual transition from a single large-scale enterprise joint venture to a textile industry joint venture;the other is that the preparatory work for the joint venture is carried out in three steps;and the third is that the training and transformation of intellectuals are carried out simultaneously.Southern Jiangsu textile industry has made tremendous achievements in the socialist transformation,but there are also obvious shortcomings.The shortcomings are embodied in the coexistence of impetuosity and right-leaning fear of difficulties in leadership thought,the imperfection of supporting measures for joint venture,and the deviation of private personnel arrangement.The underlying reasons are that the leadership has raised the debate on economic issues arising from the transformation into a struggle on the political line within the Party and,to a certain extent,confused with the struggle of social classes;excessively pursuing a highly centralized planned economic system,neglecting the multi-level and unbalanced development of productive forces in China;and focusing on the differences between socialism and capitalism in the basic system.There is no further recognition of the similarity between the two in terms of specific systems.