Research On The Phonetic Notation Of Kong Guangsen's Exegetical Works

Kong Guangsen(1752-1786)was a well-known classicist,philologist and ancient phonologist in the Qing Dynasty.He respected the thoughts of Zheng Xuan,an ancient master in the Han Dynasty.Taught by Dai Zhen,Kong Guansen was one of the representatives of the Qianjia School.Being proficient in old Chinese phonology,Kong distinguished Tang Rhyme,and authored Initial Category of the Book of Song and Examples of the Book of Song.He divided the ancient sound rhymes into eighteen parts,with nine parts for rhyme with an open ending and with nine parts for rhyme with an nasal ending respectively,and he put forward the viewpoints of"Dong Dong(??)Branch","Duizhuan between Rhymes with Nasal and Vowel Endings",and"Ancient No stop endings".Moreover,Kong Guangsen contributed detailedly annotated exegetical works,the Spring and Autumn Period Folk Definition and Dadailiji Accessory Note to the field.There were 359 phonetic materials in total in the two works,aiming to confirm,and analyze pronunciation and meaning of the annotated word in the sentence,and to facilitate posterity's understanding.This thesis comprehensively explores the phonetic notation materials of Kong Guangsen's The Spring and Autumn Period Folk Definition and Dadailiji Accessory Note authored by Kong,and it analyzes and summarizes the phonetic methods and purposes of these phonetic materials in detail to,explore their origins and basis,with a further aim to investigate the relationship between these phonetic materials and Kong's ancient phonetics.Kong Guangsen applied a variety of methods to make phonetic notations for classic characters when making phonetic notations for The Spring and Autumn Period Folk Definition and Dadailiji Accessory Note.More than half of the work employed the homophone approach,with a number of 118 notes of this kind,including "what reads as what" "sound gloss" and "duwei,duyue" methods.Homophone approach accounts for52% of all material.And it reveals the multiple connections between the phonetic meanings of the implied phonetic characters.Aside from homophone approache,Kong also uses others methods to make phonetic notation,such as description method,sinigraphic method,tone token method,and "rhyme,sinigrams with shared phonetic symbol",which reflect the diversity of phonetic notation methods of Kong Guangsen's training works.The effect of Kong Guangsen's phonetic transcription materials mainly include marking words and revealing the relationship of words.There are 150 materials for the pronunciation of marked words,accounting for 42% of all phonetic materials.They mainly include phonetic transcription of rare words,phonetic transcription of polyphonic character,exploration of rhyming phonetics of ancient sounds,and phonetic reading of ancient phonetic rhyming.There are 98 polyphonic phonetic notations,accounting for 27% of all phonetic materials;and 209 phonetic notation materials that reveal word relationships,accounting for 58% of all phonetic materials,including phonetic recognition of ancient and modern graphs,changing meaning by changing pronunciation of loan-graph,distinguishing the different versions of the phonetic notation,and themost of them are phonetic borrowed characters,with a total of 124,accounting for 35% of all phonetic materials.Kong's phonetic material covers many aspects of traditional exegesis and has various functions.These materials reveal the glyph relations and phonetic meaning relations between the annotated words and the annotated words,and show the connections between vocabulary development,phonetic evolution and glyph differentiation in Chinese.Kong Guangsen used these to explain the development and evolution of Chinese vocabulary.When Kong Guangsen made the phonetic notation,he usually put his own phonetic explanation after his predecessor's annotations,and carried out a summative evaluation of the previous text,phonology and exegesis.Kong Guangsen used multiple references to identify and analyze questionable materials,and used "Guangsen doubt" to mark unsolved problems,which reflects his rigorous academic attitude,and provides rich materials for future generations to study Chinese phonetics,word meaning and text.The materials have higher philology and linguistic ontology research value.He checked the unreasonable elements in the previous notes of the predecessors through the rhyme,and inherited and developed the reasonable explanations of the predecessors.Although most of them are explanation in the context,they can not directly reflect the division of the rhyme and "DongDong branch" "duizhuan between rhymes with nasal and vowel endings",and "Ancient No stop endings".It also enriches and develops the theories of exegetics and phonology in the Qing Dynasty,which enable us to understand the continuity,gradualness and complexity of words.At the same time,Kong quoted a lot of phonetic materials made by his predecessors,including Guangyun,Jiyun and Shuowenjiezi,especially the Jingdianshiwen,which was cited frequently.In addition to the article,there are 104 other phonetic materials or quotes from the Jingdianshiwen.Kong's phonetic notation was mainly marked by the reading phonetic at that time,which was the inheritance and development of traditional phonetic notation.Due to the limited phonetic materials and the interpretation of the text,there is no way to fully reflect the phonological system of Kong Guangsen's time,nor can it fully reflect Kong Guangsen's ancient phonetic views,so it is concluded that Kong's phonetic materials cannot reflect Kong's actual spoken.It also rarely reflects Kong's ancient phonetic view.Most of Kong's phonetic notation are the conclusion of inheriting and using of traditional reading sounds.