Modern Sino-French-Vietnamese Relations From A Military Perspective (1858-1912)

In 1858,France forced the Qing dynasty to sign the“Sino-France Treaty of Tianjin”(1858),and invaded Vietnam by force in the same year.Thus,Suzerainty-vassal relationship between the two countries began to break down.The“Sino-France New Convention”(??????)was signed on June 9,1885,and the Sino-Vietnamese Suzerainty-vassal relationship ended,and France became the protectorate of Vietnam,and the relationship between China and Vietnam was transformed into China's relations with France and Vietnam.Against this background,the military activities,military systems and confrontation between China and Vietnam,France and France constitute an important part of the relationship.It is obvious that military system and military communication is an important subject to explore the relations between China and France in modern times and the history of China's southwest border,and has important academic value.And,Of course,for this period with the center of the three military relations research,can also be used on the stability and development of the southwest frontier,the healthy development of China-Vietnam relations provide reference,has a certain practical significance.Academic researched on the relationship among China and France and Vietnam.,achievement is not a few,but many colonial expansion from powers under the background of the invasion of France on the political,economic,inequality conditions is signed,the interests of the invasion,and in the anti-colonial struggle against aggression.Military studies,mainly focusing on major wars such as the Sino-French war,have not paid enough attention to the military system,defense and military exchanges between the two sides,and have not formed a systematic understanding.Under this academic background,this thesis strive to systematically explore the method of the military contacts,institution evolution and protection of change,and military factors influence on the relations,the changing role of southwest frontier society,to expand the Sino-French relations,China's southwest frontier research field of vision.This thesis is divided into five chapters,in the Qing dynasty and the common geographical location as the prerequisite,this paper discusses the establishing process of French Indochina federal,elaborated the government facing southwest border crisis in late Qing dynasty governance policies,analyzed the special group of modern border-partisan of the method,the influence of the border of the early twentieth century,the essay discusses the several uprising of southwest border area,analyze them in China-France Vietnam the role and influence in the process of communication.Through the efforts,this paper has gained some new understandings in the study of Vietnamese relations in modern China:Firstly,taking Vietnam and Chinese Yunnan,Guangdong and Guangxi as a whole,from the angle of military to analyze the history of 1858 to 1912 in inspection,the article hold that the establishment of French Indochina federal,Vietnam governor settings and southwestern frontier of the Qing dynasty to cope with crisis governance strategy,which had an impact on the society in modern China and southeast Asia society.Secondly,it systematically summarized and elaborated the military evolution and border changes between 1858 to 1912,as well as corresponding military exchanges.Thirdly,border Youyong(??)is a problem faced by China and France.The modern border Youyong was formed in the recruitment of barracks in the late Qing dynasty.After the war,it was demobilized and separated from the army,but they had certain operational capability.Youyong mostly are members of the Tiandihui(???),a flexible,elusive characteristics in their fight with the clear method,repeatedly won them in the maintenance of border security.They were also played an important role in the against French war.Fourthly,from 1907 to 1908,Tongmenghui(?????)led the Qinzhou((??)uprising,Zhennanguan uprising(?????),Hekou uprising(????)and the Qin-lian uprising(????)in the southwest border of China.It was an important attempt of the Revolution of 1911.These insurrections destroyed the Qing army's defense in the southwest,aroused the local people's resistant sentiments and propagated revolutionary ideas.They were of great significance to the success of the1911 revolution and the advance of Vietnam's anti-French uprising.Fifthly,the great change of Sino-French relations in modern times has obvious stages.In 1858-1885,China was in the midst of the east Asian vassal system dominated by China.French forces in the east,caused huge impact to the system,and “Sino-France New Convention” was signed on June 9,1885,France instead of Vietnam direct dialogue with China,show the breakdown of east Asia was vassal system and in the formation of the relationship between modern relationship.The profound transformation of the Asian hinterland society has important influence on the modernization of southwest China,the pattern of southeast Asia and the victory of the 1911 revolution.