From Subjectivity To Inter-subjectivity

The Western Marxist schools occupy an important position in the whole system of Marxism theory,and it takes Marx's own thought as the source,among which the Frankfurt School of Germany and the Marxism of existence are the most typical and representative.Marx once said that the history of the development of human society is to a certain extent a history of human communication.Philosophy is the product of the Times,the study of Western Marxist schools on the change of communication thought,not only can pry into the Western Marxist philosophy itself contains the value and development of the context,but also can find the development mechanism and dynamic factors of human history,has theoretical value and practical significance.This article is divided into four parts,to Marx's communicative thought as the source of Western Marxist communication thought,with Existentialist Marxist Sartre and Frankfurt second generation representative Habermas' s communicative thought as an important research object in the change of Western Marxist school communication thought,Taking service and liberating the subjectivity of human beings as the starting point and foothold of communication,taking intersubjectivity as the methodology to realize true communication,through the shift from subjectivity to intersubjectivity,and finally returning to the value clue of subjectivity,this paper studies and combs the communicative thoughts of Marx,Sartre and Habermas,Thus,the changing characteristics and intrinsic relations of Western Marxist communication thoughts are found.The introduction part is mainly divided into a literature review of the theoretical review of Subjectivity and intersubjectivity in the history of Western philosophy and the intrinsic relationship between subjectivity,intersubjectivity and communication,and the first chapter is the Marxist communication theory under the construction of subjectivity,in which Marx criticizes the subjective thought of idealism and old materialism.This paper expounds the connotation of subjectivity and subjectivity in Marx's context,on the basis of which Marx expounds the suppression of the subjectivity by communication alienation from the perspective of historical materialism,and puts forward the teleology of communication,that is,in the free Man Union,the real communication will be equal and universal,and the main body of communication will be liberated,It lays a value orientation for the later Western Marxists ' communicative thought,and the second chapter is the Sartre communication theory in the transition stage of subjectivity to intersubjectivity,which is divided into two parts,and as the existentialist Sartre,his subjectivity thought originates from Husserl's phenomenology,and puts forward the view that existence precedes essence,human existence is freedom.The communicative thought under this argument is the communication conflict theory of " hell is others ",which has the characteristics of irreversibility and pessimism compared with Marx's view of communication alienation,and as the Marxist Sartre,he began to turn to the collective consciousness of active communication,put forward the theory of communication group,and explore the intersubjectivity of communication through the intervention of "third party".The third chapter is Haberrmas ' Communication action theory,Haberrmas first broke the post,criticizes Marx and the early Frankfurt School critical thought,in order to solve the legitimacy crisis,realizes the social integration and the subject sexual liberation,as the western Marxist genre put forward "intersubjectivity" first person,he uses "communicative rationality" to replace "instrumental rationality",and constructs a set of communicative action theory,puts forward the space of communication meaning of restoring public domain and rebuilding the world of daily life,and adopts general language science to standardize the communication and consultation among the communicative subjects,so as to provide the methodological paradigm of "intersubjectivity" for communication,and to find a concrete path and outlet for solving the dilemma of communication alienation and communication conflict theory and realizing the sexual liberation of human subject.