Social Research In Qinghai Tibetan Areas Under The Political Structure Of The Republic Of China

In different historical periods,the social form and development of a region are mixed with the factors of regime structure,historical culture,religious belief and ethnic distribution,etc.Starting from the area of Qinghai Tibetan area in the period of the Republic of China,this paper studies that the remote Qinghai Tibetan area at that time was under the jurisdiction of the central government,on the one hand,it was under the strong rule of the local MaBuFang warlords due to the era of warlords' scuffle,on the other hand,it was under the grass-roots governance of the traditional tribal leaders and local officials,as the three forces of the top-level design,through Through mutual integration,utilization and mediation,they jointly managed the Tibetan areas of Qinghai in the period of the Republic of China,which deeply influenced the social,cultural,religious,economic and other fields of the Tibetan areas at that time.This paper is divided into four chapters and several sections,and each chapter makes a summary.It makes a systematic introduction to all aspects of Tibetan society in Qinghai during the period of the Republic of China,and makes a deep analysis and Discussion on the causes of its formation.The first chapter mainly analyzes the historical evolution of Qinghai Tibetan area,such as the regional distribution of the early Qinghai Tibetan area.Since ad 121,Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty has set up institutions and sent officials in the HuangShui River Basin,which were incorporated into the county system of the feudal dynasty.After the revolution of 1911,with the continuous strengthening and improvement of governance in the process of history,the military,political and educational power in Qinghai was gradually unified,under the jurisdiction of YuShu 25 tribes,Mongolia 29tribes,HuanHai 8 tribes,Guo Luo,HuangNan and other Tibetan areas.By the time of the Republic of China,these places had been following the system of thousands of households.Its social form is basically a feudal tribe,the tribal leaders enjoy great authority,but also maintain a great degree of independence and autonomy,so although facing the domination and oppression of warlords,they tend to be stable in production and life,religious belief,traditional culture and other aspects.At the same time,through the historical events such as the struggle between Gansu and Sichuan and the war between Qinghai and Tibet during the Republic of China,this paper focuses on the historical status of Qinghai Tibetan area and its unique value as a strategic important place,which has become an inevitable place for strategists since ancient times.The second chapter focuses on how to form the political pattern of three forces converging in the Tibetan area of Qinghai,that is,starting from the rise of the local warlord Ma family,it discusses the reasons and inevitability of its 40 year rule over Qinghai.Through the early Hehuang and Gengzi events,it won the praise of the Qing Dynasty government and made a fortune.Secondly,during the Northern Warlords period,it complied with the changes brought about by the success of the 1911 Revolution The system of "sea sacrifice ceremony" held with thousands of Tibetan princes of Mongolia was cleverly used to extensively search for staff,eliminate dissidents and further maintain and consolidate their own rule.In the period of the national government,the relationship between the warlord Ma and the National Army changed from abnormal to moderate,realizing Qinghai's secession from Gansu Province,consolidating its own power,and becoming the main force in the rule of Qinghai for more than 40 years in the period of the Republic of China.The second force is the tribal leaders or local officials in the Tibetan area of Qinghai Province.Although this force is nominally subject to the rule of local warlords and warlords,there are great unstable factors,such as the Tibetan occupation of YuShu in the Tibetan war.Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the system of thousands of Mongolian and Tibetan princes has effectively maintained the power of the rulers,so it is also necessary for the system to firmly rule and govern ethnic areas in the Republic of China.The third force is the Nanjing National Government.Since the warlords fought in the Central Plains,the national government has devoted itself to the suppression of the Communist Party.In addition,faced with the complicated international situation,it has no time to look to the west,which makes it necessary for the local warlords to breathe.Although the NanJing national government is the highest governing body,the local warlords in Qinghai enjoy a high degree of autonomy due to their long absence And independence,we also take this opportunity to vigorously support our own forces,crowd out officials from the central government,so that we have enough time and energy to develop.The third chapter mainly discusses the social status quo of Qinghai Tibetan area in the period of the Republic of China under the multi political structure.Starting from the three sections of economy,religion and culture which had the greatest influence,it discusses the economic characteristics of Qinghai Tibetan area in this period.For example,the people in the Tibetan area basically operated a long-term single nomadic economy,because there was no good improvement conditions,and they were subject to natural factors,leading to animal husbandry The industry is in deep recession.At the same time,the most difficult thing to deal with for the masses in Qinghai Tibetan area is the rampant collection of local MaBuFang's warlords,which continuously increases the people's labor tax.Through the establishment of all kinds of enterprises and companies,commercial monopoly and super economic plunder,it can be said that the bureaucratic capital of Qinghai in this period expanded rapidly,but based on the economic plunder policy of competing with the people,the people suffered a lot hard.In religion,local warlords take the approach of both persuasion and attack to maintain their own rule.In terms of culture,it is also to set up empty shell schools to defraud the central education funds.Of course,there is no lack of efforts made by the social people in national education,which can be described as a difficult progress.The fourth chapter focuses on the changes and significance of the Tibetan society under the multi political structure of the Republic of China.This paper discusses the social changes and significance under this political pattern from two sections.The changes include not only the changes of political structure,production and life,but also the changes of ideas and thoughts,which have both positive and negative impacts on all aspects.In a word,the author discusses the pattern of the Republic of China in Qinghai Tibetan area from four chapters,the influence on the whole society of Qinghai Tibetan area under the competition of various forces,and studies the social nature and development trend of Qinghai Tibetan area in the period of Republic of China from the political pattern created by three forces.