The Creation And Rise Of The University Of Chicago (1891-1931)

With the development of science and technology and the improvement of people's awareness of education,the functions of the university have also undergone subtle changes,it makes the function of training talents to developing science and serving the society.Among them,universities are paying more and more attention to the development of academic research.Nowadays,the level of academic research has become an significant indicator for evaluating the comprehensive strength of a university.As a world-class university,the University of Chicago has a history of more than 120 years and is close to the time of creation of many research universities in China.With its unique innovative spirit,combined with the social reality of the United States at that time,it constructed a unique and excellent university development idea,and became a leader in the American higher education system in a short period of time.The reason behind it deserves our in-depth analysis.At present,China is in the process of building a “double first-class” and strives to enter the forefront of the number and quality of first-class universities in the middle of this century.It is about 30 years from the realization of this goal,during this period,how to accumulate strength and achieving the ultimate goal deserves our consideration.It has great practical significance to find the rules of university growth by studying the problems and dilemmas faced by the University of Chicago.Academics has been the core in the development of university.In this article,the academic ideas of the president of the University of Chicago,academic organizations and academic reputation of the University of Chicago are studied by means of literature analysis with academics as the core of research.The academic ideas of a leader of a university is particularly important,which is related to how to deal with the conflicts and contradictions inside and outside the university,and how to coordinate the relationship between training talents,developing science and serving the society.Therefore,Harper and Hutchins are taken as two examples to analyze their practice and reform on the University of Chicago with their academic ideas.Firstly,since the university academic organization is a complex system,this study clarifies the relationship between the internal elements of the university academic organization from three perspectives: academic organization structure,academicorganization beliefs and academic organization power by using Burton Clark's viewpoint of analyzing academic organizations.Secondly,streamlining academic organizations,clarifying work responsibilities,improving work efficiency,and forming group beliefs and cohesion are important links in the work of academic organizations in universities.Finally,academic reputation is the public's evaluation of the comprehensive level of a university.Therefor,this article studies the formation and dissemination of academic reputation of the University of Chicago from three aspects: teaching,academics and serving the society.It is found that the breakthrough in teaching reform is the foundation,the key is to grasp the discourse power in the field of discipline research,and the aim of serving the society is the pillar.It is found that there are common elements of university development from the time of construction to the rise,which is reflected in the wisdom of the university president,the clarity and simplicity of academic organization,the construction of academic atmosphere,the construction of academic teams and so on.The rise of the University of Chicago provides us with some value references.In response to the development goal of building a “double first-class” in China,we should strengthen the selection and appointment of outstanding university leaders,focus on improving the quality of the teaching staff,and improve science and technology level on the basis of ensuring the quality of teaching.enhance the exchanges and cooperation between universities at home and abroad,and form a higher education development model with Chinese characteristics on the basis of absorbing successful experience.