The Modern Apprenticeship System In Vocational Colleges In Guizhou Is Facing Difficulties And Research On Its Governance

The traditional apprenticeship(or apprenticeship)is an important talent training mode for apprentices to acquire vocational skills or technical skills by means of teacher's handing-on and help.It has a long history.Compared with the traditional apprenticeship system,the modern apprenticeship system emphasizes the dual education status of schools and enterprises,the unification of students and apprentices,and the double-site teaching of classes and enterprises,so as to achieve the ultimate goal of setting up specialties,docking industries and promoting employment.In 2014,the Ministry of Education formally proposed to vigorously develop the modern apprenticeship system as an important part of the vocational education system and to raise it to the height of the national talent training reserve strategy,aiming at further promoting the integration of schools and enterprises,deepening the cooperation between industry and education,improving the education mechanism,and innovating the training mode of practical talents.In recent years,Guizhou's economic growth has always maintained the top three in the country.In the process of "leapfrogging development,catching up with and advancing",modern apprenticeship vocational education has made a series of remarkable achievements in promoting economy,promoting employment,cultivating talents,innovating science and technology,etc.It has played an important role,and the social attention and influence have been increasing.However,it should be clearly seen that the development of modern apprenticeship in Guizhou is still facing some outstanding bottlenecks and problems to be solved due to the internal factors such as short development time,shallow cultivation foundation,weak public awareness,imperfect policies and regulations,the lack of unification of national standards and the formation of long-term mechanism.Firstly,this paper defines the relevant concepts of modern apprenticeship,combs the relevant literature of Modern Apprenticeship at home and abroad,and carries on the research summary;at the same time,it studies the typical "dual system" in Germany and "modern apprenticeship" in Japan,and puts forward the research purpose,research content,research ideas and research methods based on the current situation of the practice of modern apprenticeship in China.Secondly,it studies the policy basis and theoretical basis of modern apprenticeship,combs the relevant policies since Guizhou implemented the modern apprenticeship,and emphatically introduces the three theoretical bases of "stakeholders,tacit knowledge theory and work-based theory" in the modernapprenticeship.Thirdly,taking five higher vocational colleges in Guizhou as samples,which are better and more typical in carrying out the pilot work of modern apprenticeship system,and comprehensively using data analysis methods such as questionnaire survey and interview,this paper conducts a full coverage survey on the stakeholders of modern apprenticeship system,and makes a detailed analysis of the recruitment methods,curriculum system construction,specific mode of apprenticeship training and the construction of teaching staff in five pilot colleges.The implementation status of the five dimensions,such as teaching evaluation system,is analyzed.The common problems faced by the five pilot colleges in the implementation process are analyzed,and then the difficulties faced by the pilot colleges are summarized.Finally,in view of the development dilemma at five levels,the macro and micro reasons are analyzed from the perspective of various stakeholders of the modern apprenticeship system,and five feasible countermeasures and suggestions are put forward according to local conditions,namely,improving the system at the government level,in-depth guidance at the industry level,main body participation at the enterprise level,management control at the university level and self-change at the apprenticeship level.