Analysis Of High School Science Textbooks From The Perspective Of STEM

STEM education is an emerging educational model that has been proposed by American scholars in China.It is a discipline that integrates science,technology,engineering,and mathematics to develop innovative talents that solve problems through an interdisciplinary approach.According to the “ST?@M” educational pyramid of scholar Yakman,this study takes the science textbooks published in 2002 and 2004 by People's Education Press and Shanghai scientific Education Press,including physics,chemistry and biology textbooks as samples.The specific classification and characteristics of Chinese textbooks are analyzed by content analysis method mainly from the aspects as followings: the total number of STEM knowledge and integrated knowledge points which includes“Technology and Society”,“Technology and Engineering”,“Science and Mathematics”,“Science,Technology and Mathematics”,“Science,Technology and Engineering”,“Scientific Engineering and Mathematics” and “Science,Technology,Engineering and Mathematics”.These aspects are also analyzed from “quantity”,“appearance position”,“integration type”,“tightness of integration”,“teaching goal”,etc.Quantitative analysis of the textbooks found that,in general,the three editions of high school science textbooks cover all subjects of STEM,but science is the foremost characteristic of most textbooks,and the shortage amount of the engineering and mathematics points is also obvious.Meanwhile,in terms of the number of integrated knowledge points,two subjects of that is the largest,the four subjects of that is the least.What's more,in terms of the location of the integrated knowledge points,the “body” integrated knowledge points appeared the most,and the “citation” of that appeared the least.At last,the type of integration presents obvious disciplinary differences.The physics discipline is closely related to mathematics,especially to the sub-category of algebra in mathematics.Chemistry and biology are closely linked to engineering.In terms of the closeness of integration,the narrative of integrated knowledge points in the textbooks are the largest in “5 sentences”(including 5sentences),while followed by “5-10”,“10-15”,“15 or more sentences.” The teaching objectives of the third edition of the textbooks on the integration of knowledge point outthat the integration purpose presents obvious versions and disciplinary differences.For example,the purpose of “04 version of the People's Education Edition” textbook integration knowledge points account for the largest number in textbooks,and “02 years The People's Education Edition and the Shanghai Science Edition are relatively lacking in this respect.As far as textbooks are concerned,the physics and chemistry disciplines require students to have more levels of integration of knowledge points to “comprehend”than creatures.The Biology Department's application of integrated knowledge points requires students to demonstrate,compared to the integrated knowledge points which require students to apply integrated knowledge points.Finally,this paper discusses the value and strategy of incorporating the textbook into the STEM education concept in the future.It is suggested that the future textbook writing can focus on the cultivation of students' innovative ability.Promote the intersection and integration of content in different disciplines,focusing on the life and contextualization of textbook content.And the "Electromagnetic Induction Phenomenon" by Shanghai Science Edition is selected as the sample for science textbook to be improved.