Research On The Teaching Design And Practice Of Elementary School Maker Education Based On Design Thinking

With the continuous advancement and development of education reform in the 21 st century,maker education has attracted more and more attention from the education circle.Due to its characteristics of open source and low threshold,more and more primary and secondary schools in China have joined in the practice and exploration of maker education.However,there are also some problems in the process of exploration.In the process of implementation,some schools simply ask students to imitate and form works,which makes maker education a mere formality,ignores the attention and cultivation of students' innovation ability,and deviates from the essential requirements of maker education.Design thinking provides a new way and reference for the practice of maker education with its unique people-oriented perspective,diversified thinking methods and innovative means to solve problems.In theory,firstly,the research status of design thinking and maker education at home and abroad is analyzed,which lays a certain theoretical foundation for the construction of subsequent instructional design model.Secondly,from the perspective of promoting the cultivation of students' innovative ability,under the guidance of the theory of "learning from doing",cognitive development theory,project-based learning and innovative education theory,taking into account the cognitive development of primary school students,combining the analysis of typical models of design thinking,taking into account the characteristics of design thinking,the study put forward the instructional design principles that should be followed in the instructional design of elementary school maker education based on design thinking: driven by real problem situations,student-centered and people-centered,focus on the iterative loop of design process,providing appropriate learning support tools and thinking tools,emphasizing diversified evaluation.And it analyzed the five basic components of instructional design,constructed an instructional design model of elementary school maker education based on design thinking,and divided instructional design into three major stages of front-end analysis,teaching implementation process and teaching effect analysis,divided the teaching process into six basic steps: empathy,definition,conception,prototype,improvement and publishing.In theory,on the basis of the maker teaching design model of primary school based on design thinking,the school-based course of 3D printing was taken as an example.Six classes were selected into two groups as experimental class and control class respectively to carry out teaching practice for one semester.Through the use of SPSS25.0 data analysis software,the pre-test and post-test questionnaire data,students' work scores,and interviews with teachers and students were analyzed to test the teaching effect.The experiment proves that the instructional design of maker education in elementaryschool based on design thinking has certain feasibility,and has a positive impact on the improvement of students' innovative consciousness,innovative thinking and innovative skills,which has certain research significance and practical value.