| Since the 1980s,in the context of the rapid development of the global economy and the expansion of international trade,the differences in economic structure and factor endowments of various countries have created new international division of labor,and comparative advantages have made it possible to have complex production cooperation between countries.This has fully driven the rapid growth of trade in intermediate goods and has greatly changed the way the global economy operates.China's manufacturing industry has an important place in the international market due to its comparative advantages in labor endowment and relatively cheap natural resources.However,the traditional customs statistics contain a large number of repeated calculations,which makes China's export value and trade surplus unrealistically high,which has led to the“envy" of other countries,which has triggered an intensified trade friction against China.Especially this year.The Sino-US trade war,after forcibly levying a 25%import tariff on 34 billion US dollars of Chinese goods,announced a list of tariffs to be imposed on China's $200 billion to the US.Therefore,it is necessary to cite a new method of measurement-value-added trade measurement method to reflect China's real trade benefits and its position in the international division of labor.Firstly,based on the world input-output database,the domestic value-added and value-added rate in China's exports are measured,and the trends are displayed and analyzed according to the manufacturing industry as a whole,subdivided by the manufacturing industry and by factor density.Secondly,they are increased by the domestic market.The value and domestic value-added rate are interpreted variables,and the panel data model is constructed according to the factor density classification.The influence of each influencing factor in different industries is analyzed,and the two models are compared to explore the mechanism of the influencing factors.Finally,the first two parts are combined.The conclusions reached and the corresponding policy recommendations are put forward to provide a certain basis for China's trade development and industrial structure upgrading.After calculation,the following conclusions are drawn:(1)China's export domestic value-added rate is slightly higher than the world average,and there is still a certain gap compared with developed countries such as the United States and Japan.(2)China's domestic value-added rate change trend can be roughly divided into three stages:the first stage is before the entry into the WTO in 2001,the domestic value-added rate is higher at this stage,and the long-term is above 80%;the second stage After the accession to the WTO,before the financial crisis,the domestic value-added rate of this stage has dropped,hovering around 70%.The third stage is after the financial crisis,in order to ensure the domestic economic development,countries have reduced the investment of foreign capital,which is natural.The country has increased its domestic value-added rate.(3)In terms of subdividing the manufacturing sector,the export value of each manufacturing sector shows the same trend as the total export value.The domestic value-added rate is also consistent with the change in the total value-added rate,both of which change first and then rise.However,there are significant differences in the domestic value-added rates between different manufacturing sectors,such as food and beverage and tobacco manufacturing,textile and textile manufacturing,leather and footwear manufacturing,wood and wood products,paper and printing.The advantage of the export sector is higher than the domestic value-added rate of 80%and above,while the domestic value-added rate of coke,refined petroleum and nuclear fuel,electronics and optical manufacturing,transportation equipment,chemicals and chemicals are lower..(4)According to the factor density,there is a significant difference in the domestic value-added rate of different factor-intensive industries.Among them,the labor-intensive industry has the highest domestic value-added rate and the least obvious fluctuation;the capital-intensive industry has a domestic value-added rate,which has a slight fluctuation before entering the WTO,and has a significant downward trend after entering the WTO;knowledge and technology-intensive The industry has the lowest domestic value-added rate,and there are obvious differences before and after the accession to the WTO.The decline after entering the WTO is also the largest.From the perspective of export ratio,the proportion of exports of labor-intensive industries has decreased year by year,the largest decline;the proportion of exports of capital-intensive industries has also decreased year by year,but the decline is small;while the proportion of exports of knowledge-and technology-intensive industries has increased year by year,and the increase Larger,indicating that China's export industry structure has been upgraded.(5)The ability to innovate is the internal driving force for improving China's domestic value-added and value-added rate,and is the key to improving China's overall national strength and international competitiveness;the use of foreign capital helps to increase the domestic value-added of China's manufacturing industry,but increases domestically.The value rate has a negative impact;the degree of industry openness has a positive effect on domestic value added,and has a negative impact on the increase of domestic value-added rate;industry status has a negative impact on the increase of domestic value added,and the domestic value-added rate There is a positive impact.Based on the above conclusions,the following policy recommendations can be made:(1)Increase R&D investment and enhance core technology research and development and application.(2)Rational use of foreign capital and improvement of foreign-funded domestic supporting industries.(3)Correctly understand and utilize economies of scale and focus on the development of industrial quality.The innovation lies in:(1)using the continuous and credible world input-output table data to comprehensively increase the domestic value-added and value-added rate of China's exports from the national level,the industry level,and the factor-intensive level.Detailed calculation and analysis have been carried out to clarify China's positioning in the international division of labor,and also provide a basis for the development and transformation of the manufacturing industry.(2)Empirically analyze the domestic value added and the domestic value-added rate respectively.On the one hand,the selected variables are comprehensive,novel and representative.On the other hand,the panel data model classified by factor density is used to clarify the variables.Differences in impact in the industry.(3)Simultaneously compare the influence of the same variable in the two models.According to the different effects,it can be discriminated whether these variables affect China's domestic value-added in essence and provide a basis for China's policy formulation. |
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