The Spatial Characteristics On The Effect Of Income-increasing Of Rural Human Capital In The Upper Reaches Of The Yangtze River

In 2017,“promoting the Supply-side Structural Reform of agriculture,improving the policy of assisting farmers,and expanding the channels of farmers' income-increasing” had made clearly in the government work report.At the same time,the document NO.1 of the central government had emphasized “enhancing the reform of rural,activating the endogenous development power of agriculture and rural,and ensuring a steady increase in rural incomes.” The increase of farmers' income not only relates to the reform,development and stability of rural,but also has a strong influence on the overall situation of national economic and social development.However,due to the large rural population,the shortage of educational investment,and the slowing growth in farmers' income,how to enhance the stock of rural human capital and make a improvement of rural society and economy have drawn the whole society attention and general anxiety.The Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River as the object to study the spatial characteristics on the effect of income-increasing of rural human capital is not only typical for the history,but also special for the development of the times.In that way,does the rural human capital in The Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River have a strong spatial dependence? How much this spatial dependence effects the farmers' income-increasing? If there is a certain economic threshold,when crossing it the farmers' income present a significant mutation? Therefore,focusing on the research of the spatial characteristics on the effect of income-increasing of rural human capital in The Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River from the views of the spatial correlation and the spatial heterogeneity,on one hand,can provide useful practical experience for constructing a regional distribution pattern of farmers' employment scientifically,also can define the role of the central and local governments in the development of rural education rationally,and can reduce the negative impact of the blind flow of migrant farmers effectively,on the other hand,can contribute to the local governments to support the poor intellectually with their own characteristics and advantages,thereby can enhance the stock of rural human capital scientifically and strengthen the sustainability of farmers' income-increasing.In this paper,the panel data of 47 cities and prefectures from 2005 to 2015 in The Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River are used as observation objects.First of all,the paper evaluated the situation of the stock of rural human capital and the level of farmers' income from the views of macrography and microcosmic,in order to have a good knowledge of the spatial distribution pattern and the temporal & spatial evolution of farmers' income-increasing in The Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River.Secondly,based on the Tobler's First Law of Geography,this paper investigated the rural human capital in The Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River whether existed a strong spatial dependence,and observed the spatial differentiation characteristics.Thirdly,in view of the New Economic Geography and the Mincer Earnings Equation,this paper constructed the index system of the spatial influence mechanism of the effect of income-increasing of rural human capital,and then made a rigorous spatial econometric analysis on the spatial correlation of the effect of income-increasing of rural human capital in The Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River,in order to overcome the endogenous matter,this paper used the System GMM to evaluate the dynamic Spatial Lag Model and the dynamic Spatial Durbin Model,and clearly understood the relations among the spatial influence mechanism.In addition,this paper built the Panel Threshold Regression Model to discuss the nonlinear relationship between rural human capital and farmers' income under the effects of different threshold variable,thereby verified the spatial heterogeneity of the effect of income-increasing of rural human capital in The Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River.Findings show that:(1)The improvement of the stock of rural human capital in The Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River enjoys a strong momentum of steady growth,and presents a rising trend year by year;(2)Due to the imbalance of the economic environment,resource conditions and other aspects,the level of farmers' income in The Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River has the spatio-temporal evolution difference;(3)The rural human capital in The Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River exists significant spatial dependence,and the effect of spatial agglomeration is outstanding;(4)Human capital,industry structure,urbanization level,economic development level,highway density and population density are the important elements of the spatial influence mechanism of farmers' income-increasing in The Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River;(5)The level of farmers' income in The Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River has dual characteristics of endogenous driving and exogenous dependence with the significant spatio-temporal spillover effect;(6)The rural human capital in The Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River exists the significant spatial spillover effect to the farmers' income-increasing;(7)The effect of income-increasing of rural human capital in The Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River shows different threshold characteristics and economic phenomena under different economic thresholds.Finally,based on the real condition of The Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River,taking the national conditions and development as the starting point of the path choice and policy orientation,this paper put forward the comprehensive policy framework and feasibility system guarantee in order to optimize the structure of rural human capital,narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas,and strengthen the sustainability of farmers' income-increasing.