Research On Layout And Optimization Of Facility Agricultural Land In Shuitian Area Of Sanjiang Plain

The layout of facility agricultural land affects the level of agricultural ancillary facilities,cultivated land productivity,the convenience of agricultural production,agronomic process and grain yield,and utilization efficiency and intensity of land.The layout of facility agricultural land is an important part of implementing the strategy of storing grain on land and storing grain on technology.Sanjiang plain is the main production area of japonica rice and the national commodity grain base.In recent years,the Sanjiang plain has carried out a series of land improvement projects,such as major land improvement projects.State-run farms are widely distributed,and agricultural modernization leads the country.The type diversification of facility agricultural land has played an important role in satisfying the agricultural development process.The 859 farm in Sanjiang plain is taken as the research area in this paper,the second land survey data in China is taken as the basic data,and remote sensing image is combined to analyze and study the layout of agricultural land of main facilities.Combined with nuclear density analysis,the adjacent distance method and correlation analysis,etc.,the main facilities of farmland scale structure,spatial distribution and service level were analyzed,and summarized the main facility layout criteria and optimization layout scheme of farmland,and put forward the main facility layout of farmland standard application considerations,to provide reference and basis in Sanjiang plain area in facilities layout criteria and the spatial layout optimization of farmland.The main research contents and conclusions are as follows:(1)The quantity and scale characteristics of agricultural land for main facilities.There are a total of 3,983 agricultural lands for main facilities,among which 43 are for drying field,415 are for sun sink and 3,525 are for raising seedling sheds.The number of land used for raising seedling sheds in each management area is relatively high,followed by the number of land used for sun sinks,and finally the number of land used for drying fields.The total area of agricultural land for the main facilities is 950.06hm~2.The total scale of the land for drying fields is 79.67hm~2,the average scale of the land for a single drying field is 1.85hm~2,and the scale of the land for a single drying field is mainly between 0.256-2.00hm~2.The total scale of sun sunks is 92.86hm~2,the average scale of a single sun sunk is 0.224hm~2,and the scale of a single sun sunk is mainly between 0.023 and 0.200hm~2.The total scale of land for raising seedling sheds is 777.53hm~2,the average scale of land for a single raising seedling shed is 0.20hm~2,and the scale of land for a single raising seedling shed is mainly between 0.011-0.100hm~2.(2)Spatial distribution characteristics of agricultural land for main facilities.The spatial distribution of agricultural land of main facilities is significantly different,and the overall spatial pattern is dense in the middle and sparse on both sides.The overall nearness index of main facility agricultural land of 859 farms is 0.55,indicating that the main facility agricultural land of farms presents an agglomeration distribution on the whole.This is because of the special property right system in the reclamation area,and the overall layout of facility agricultural land is planned and designed in strict accordance with the land regulation requirements.However,the most adjacent distance between raising seedling sheds is the smallest,which reflects that the distance between adjacent seedling raising sheds is relatively small and there are more scattered sheds.It can be seen that the overall distribution of farmland with major facilities is reasonable,but there are still obvious deficiencies in the distribution of farmland with major facilities in some management areas.(3)Analysis of the service level of agricultural land for main facilities.The service satisfaction of drying field is only 50.05% on 859 farm.However,due to the land for drying field is unified planning and construction by the farm,each management area of the farm is equipped with grain drying tower,which weakens the original function of the land for drying field,and most of the land for drying field is the place for temporary storage of grain.The irrigation satisfaction degree of sun sunk on 859 farm is 18.90%.Due to the different scale of canal irrigation project of farm land regulation,the service level of canal irrigation area is also different,which leads to the obvious difference in the irrigation satisfaction degree of sun sunk in each management area of the farm.The overall satisfaction degree of the land used for raising seedling shed on 859 farms is112.26%.Although the land used for raising seedling shed meets the demand of paddy field for seedling in this region,excessive satisfaction makes land resources not fully utilized.In order to facilitate their own demand for seedling,many farmers spontaneously build raising seedling sheds in the field,which not only wastes land resources and makes the usage of land is lower,but also is not conducive to the unified management of farms,and increasing the management difficulty.(4)Determining the layout standards of agricultural land for main facilities and optimizing the spatial layout.The land of sun sink should be constructed in strict accordance with the land scale accounting for 0.74% to 0.89% of the served paddy field area on the 859 farm.The standard greenhouse covers an area of 450m~2 and the corresponding service paddy field is 4hm~2.Through analysis and calculation,it is concluded that the overall size of the land for raising seedling shed on the 859 farm is adjusted to 690.75hm~2,which is the most suitable size.All the management areas have been adjusted,and the scale of raising seedling shed can fully meet the needs of paddy field seedlings in this region and not waste land resources.(5)Agricultural land standard extension and safeguard measures for major facilities.Since there are not only reclamation areas but also agricultural areas in heilongjiang,this paper studies the layout characteristics of the main facility agricultural land in the 859 farm of reclamation areas,and then extends the layout standards of the main facility agricultural land to other areas.Therefore,in accordance with the principle of intensive use of land,the principle of convenient production and living,the principle of overall planning and coordinated development in various regions,this paper determines the standards of facility agricultural land from the two aspects of location and scale conditions,and proposes three kinds of safeguard measures: determining the relevant standards of facility agricultural land and improving the management system;Reasonable planning and advocating the coordinated development of various regions;Accelerate the transfer of agricultural land in agricultural areas,promote the scale operation of agricultural land,and provide reference for the development of agricultural land in Sanjiang plain and even Heilongjiang province.