An Empirical Study On Spatial Poverty Trap From Geographical Perspective

Poverty has always been the research emphasis for scholars all over the world and one of the major social problems that countries are trying to solve.The research on poverty in the world has experienced a process from traditional poverty,which is the income poverty,to comprehensive poverty,and then to spatial poverty.Individuals,groups,regions and other subjects in the state of poverty are unable to extricate themselves from the vicious cycle of poverty due to their continuous reproduction of poverty and long-term poverty.This situation is called "poverty trap".At the same time,some scholars at home and abroad discovered the impact of geographical environment on poverty through research,thus deriving the concept of "spatial poverty trap" or "geographical poverty trap".Poverty is a relative concept in a broad sense.According to the standard of multi-dimensional poverty,poverty not only refers to the lack of income,but also reflects the lack of necessary survival and development resources such as medical treatment,education,transportation,housing and social security under the influence of specific geographical environment.Therefore,the author takes poverty as the the research object to explore the situation of spatial poverty trap in Sichuan,combines multi-dimensional poverty with spatial poverty,and explores the reality of spatial poverty trap in Sichuan as well as the regularity and diversity of spatial distribution of poverty trap.The study of spatial poverty trap in various districts and counties is helpful to understand the multi-dimensional poverty and spatial poverty distribution in Sichuan,and to explore the role and mechanism of geographical environment in the formation of poverty.Secondly,it explores the main limiting factors and distribution status of the spatial poverty trap area,and makes appropriate treatment for specific problems.Specific analysis is made to weaken the influence of spatial poverty trap on a certain region,so as to promote the coordinated development of politics,economy and society in the whole region.In each district and county of Sichuan province as the research unit,the geographical environment of capital to give full consideration to the influence of poverty among them,the incidence of poverty in each district and county of Sichuan province in 2015 as the independent variable factor,from natural geography,social capital such as geography,economic geography,capital dimensions of the districts and counties of the slope,the terrain ups and downs,urbanization rate,employment,13 indicators factors such as population density,road network density as the dependent variable.Firstly,Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between geographic poverty factors and poverty incidence.Second,using Geographically Weighted Regression model(Geographically Weighted Regression,GWR),carries on the regression analysis of the poor geographical factors.Finally,the regression coefficient of poverty factors is visualized with ArcGIS software to display the distribution rules and differences of spatial poverty traps,which are presented in the form of spatial poverty map.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)According to Pearson correlation analysis,all the selected 13 geographical capital indicators are related to the incidence of poverty,and all the indicators are effective.Among them,natural geographical capital is the main factor for the occurrence of regional poverty in Sichuan.Spatial poverty is greatly affected by topographic relief and slope,and the advantages of Chengdu plain are fully demonstrated.(2)Affected by geographical capital,the distribution of poverty in western and northern Sichuan shows a strong spatial correlation,which is mainly affected by slope,elevation,topographic relief and distance from provincial capitals(Chengdu).(3)Through the spatial analysis of GWR model and ArcGIS,it is concluded that the poverty trap area of geographical capital space is mainly concentrated in the western Sichuan plateau,Qinba mountain and Wumeng mountain."Topographic relief" makes some districts and counties in the west of Sichuan,some districts and counties in the Wumeng mountain area of Sichuan and the Qinba mountain area in the northeast of Sichuan become spatial poverty trap areas.Urbanization rate has a great impact on poverty in western Sichuan."The distance from the provincial capital(Chengdu)" has a great impact on the spatial poverty in the western Sichuan plateau and the Qinba mountains in the northeast of Sichuan;Population density coefficient has great influence on the quality of population in some districts and counties in western Sichuan,Qinba mountain area in northern Sichuan,Luzhou and Yibin in southeastern Sichuan.