China's Regional Disparity And Spatial Analysis Based On New HDI

As reform and opening up 40 th anniversary,China is in the decisive stage of building a moderately well-off society in all aspects.Between the “China's 13 th Five-Year” period,promoting regional coordinated development and narrowing the gap is priority in the work.Therefore,Choosing the accurate index of measuring the regional disparity is getting more and more important.In terms of the measurement index of regional disparity,UNDP's HDI is the most internationally recognized and influential multi-dimension index that it is a comprehensive measure of human development from tree aspects: health,education and income because of it breaking the limitations of single indicator such as capita GDP: economic growth is not equal to people's happiness.Since The 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held,General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out many times that “Indicators and achievement of people's livelihood reform,society progress and ecological effects should be taken as important assessment contents”.Therefore,based on the three dimensions of HDI,this paper supplements the dimensions of sustainable development and people's livelihood,and rebuilds a new HDI that is suitable for China's reality.It aims to measure the regional development gap and its changes in seven aspects: health,education,income,science and technology,environment,social security and residents' quality of life,so as to provide reference for the formulation of national regional policies.On the research methods of regional disparity in China.Most scholars only use standard deviation,coefficient of variation,Gini coefficient,Theil index and other traditional methods to study.Traditional methods are only simple operated on the data,ignoring the existence of spatial and geographical factors,with a strong subjectivity,so they are difficult to truly and accurately reflect the changes in regional spatial disparities.This is contrary to the first law of geography: "anything is relevant,and the near things are always more relevant than the things that are far away." Therefore,this paper uses the new HDI index constructed,mainly EDSA and CSDA technology in spatial metrology,and the coefficient of variation and method decomposition method as the supplement to measure and analyze the regional disparity in China.Compared with traditional methods,the biggest advantage of EDSA and CDSA technology lies in the introduction of spatial weight matrix,which incorporates spatial geographic location factors,rather than only dealing with data correlation.By calculating the new HDI's coefficient of variation and decomposing its variance,since 2010,the changes of livelihood differences and income differences are the main driving factors to narrow the regional differences in China.This seems optimistic.In fact,the driving effect of the change of economic development disparity on the reduction of total disparity is at the expense of economic growth.If we only look at the changes of health,medical care and income differences,the change of income differences is the biggest driving factor of regional differences in China.The difference of sustainable development contributes more and more to the total difference,and it has become the biggest determinant of regional difference in China.In 2010,it has exceeded half of the difference,which is also the main driving factor leading to the expansion and change of regional difference in China.Educational and income differences are the second and third determinants of regional differences in China,and the change of livelihood differences is a benign change.By using the ESDA technology to analyze the global spatial autocorrelation,the global Moran's I values of the new HDI are greater than zero in 1990-2017,which indicates that there is a significant spatial autocorrelation between regions of human development in China.New HDI showed a downward trend in 1990-1998,an upward trend in 1998-2005,a downward trend in 2005-2010,and an upward trend in 2010.Overall,new HDI showed a downward trend in fluctuation.According to Moran scatter plot and LISA agglomeration plot of new HDI,most provinces in China are located in "HH" and "LL" districts,but there are more provinces in "LL" districts,mostly in the western region.The CSDA technology can reflect the causes of regional development gap by establishing correlation regression model.Income index is suitable for SLM model.Its spatial dependence is caused by spatial spillover benefits.Education and life index is suitable for SEM model.Its spatial dependence is caused by the inconsistency between administrative boundary and its actual influence boundary.The spatial dependence of sustainable development index is caused by the correlation of spatial error of R&D index and the correlation of carbon emission index itself.The spatial dependence of livelihood index is caused by spatial spillover effect.