On Spatial Distribution Characteristics And Influence Mechanism Of Rural Settlements In Multinational Mountainous Areas Based On GIS

With the accelerated transformation of domestic rural society and the continuing promotion of the rural revitalization strategy in the province,the study of village land and settlements space cannot be ignored.Focusing on the spatial pattern characteristics of mountain settlements and its optimization and reconstruction,this paper selected a total of 10 townships and 17 villages as sample areas in Huili County,Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Liangshan,Sichuan Province.By introducing ecology,geography and economics perspectives in the research,analyzing the evolution and current status of patches through ArcGIS,extracting statistical data such as area,quantity and distance,and calculating the degree of morphological diversification and clustering including density,dispersion and average shape index,the characteristics of the spatial status about the development of Huili County were elaborated.At the same time,calculating the correlation coefficient and the gray correlation degree in SPSS,to select the factors with strong correlation of the settlements density.Based on the established weights,the influence driving system is constructed,and the analysis about coupling relationship between the natural and human factors is further analyzed.Hereby,the status and problems of the rural settlements in Huili County were evaluated,and suggestions were made for the optimization of the settlements pattern based on space and direction of the future development.The main conclusions of the study include:(1)The evolution degree of rural settlements in Huili County is not severe.The annual change rate of the size and quantity of rural settlements is basically between 0.00%and 5.54%,and the degree of fragmentation is gradually deepening.(2)The settlements of Huili County are large in size and number,and the distribution types show obvious clustering characteristics.The spatial pattern of clustering presents the characteristics of“clustered cluster&pointed spreading”,and the scattered form is non-random and non-uniform.In the space of the county,it is densely distributed in the central part and relatively scattered in the north and south.(3)The types of rural settlements in Huili County are mainly single courtyard settlements and small settlements,that is,the number of small and medium sized settlements below 5000m~2is the most,especially the rural settlements at the measure of area in 1000~5000m~2.(4)The distribution of rural settlements MSI in Huili County is relatively balanced.From the calculation results of the sample area,the MSI is mostly between 1.1 and 1.2,and the spatial differentiation is not large,indicating that the rural settlements shape is relatively simple,and complexity are low.(5)The rural settlements in Huili County are more significantly affected by the indicators of resource,social economy and location,fatherly,correlations between annual,population density,the proportion of cultivated land,the topographical factors and settlements density are highest.(1)Topography and hydrology factors,such as slope and river,have a significant impact on the distribution of settlements.The village settlements in Huili County are mostly distributed in high-altitude areas with a slope below 25°,and irregularities of the settlements shape are high in river-intensive areas.(2)The impact factors with higher degree of correlations also include population,surrounding land and location.And the correlations between each indicator and settlements are in the range of 0.6820~0.8511.(3)There are coupling relationships between the spatial characteristics and the multi-factors in Huili County.The distribution of settlements is strongly driven by internal and external factors,but the driving directions are different.Natural factors play a major role in the formation and distribution of settlements.And there are interactions between human factors and the degree of clustering and distribution types of settlements.(6)Regarding the problems existing in the current settlements space pattern in Huili County,it should pay attention to the root causes to solve them.Moderately carry out village demolition and combination,adjust the structure of settlements land,coordinate industrial cultivation and human settlements environment construction,and realize all-round and systematic rural reconstruction.