Study On The Influence Of Urbanization On Urban-rural Income Gap

Since the reform and opening up,China's economy has made tremendous achievements,but the income gap among residents remains high.In 2017,China's Gini coefficient was 0.467,and China's Gini coefficient remained above the international warning line of 0.4 in 2008-2017,the urban-rural income gap has the greatest impact.,affecting social harmony and stability.At present,China is in a period of rapid urbanization development,urbanization as an important factor affecting urban and rural incomes has attracted attention.Many scholars and experts at home and abroad have studied the measurement of urbanization in detail.Some scholars believe that the urbanization rate of population can well reflect the level of urbanization,but the method of single measurement can't reflect the level of urbanization development truly,and not meet the development needs of new urbanization.On the basis of understanding the connotation of urbanization quality,this paper establishes an evaluation system of urbanization indicators from four dimensions of population development,economic development,social development and spatial development.The comprehensive index of urbanization is synthesized by improved entropy technology to reflect the level of urbanization development,which makes the conclusion of the study more realistic.From the four dimensions of population,economy,society and space in the process of urbanization development,this paper constructs an evaluation system of urbanization indicators,selecting urban population density,population urbanization rate and employment of secondary and tertiary industries as the three-level indicators reflecting the development of population urbanization;the proportion of secondary and tertiary industries to regional GDP,per capita regional GDP and per capita investment in urban fixed assets.Per capita financial income,as the threelevel indicators reflecting economic development;the number of pension insurance employees,students in general colleges and universities,the number of Internet users,and the number of public transport vehicles per 10,000 people as the threelevel indicators reflecting the development of social urbanization;the area of urban construction land,per capita built-up area,per capita urban road area,per capita park green area In order to reflect the three-level indicators of the development of spatial urbanization.On the one hand,this paper expounds the changing track and characteristics of urbanization indicators and urban-rural income gap,and establishes the fixed effect model of provincial panel data in central and Western regions,which is divided into the whole period of 2002-2017 and the nearly tenyear period of 2008-2017,and analyses the impact of 17 indicators reflecting the level of urbanization development on urban-rural income gap;on the other hand,it combines the method of entropy value.The adult population urbanization index,Economic Urbanization index,social urbanization index,land urbanization index and urbanization comprehensive index are used to study the inverted "U" effect of urbanization comprehensive index on urban-rural income gap and the significant impact of urbanization subsystem index on urban-rural income gap.Firstly,2016-2025 is the new decade for the implementation of the Central Rise Policy.Provinces of Hubei,Hunan,Anhui,Jiangxi,Shanxi and Henan represent the central region.Autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government are removed from the western region.Provinces of Gansu,Guizhou,Yunnan,Qinghai,Shaanxi and Sichuan represent the western region.Therefore,the six central provinces and six western provinces are studied.The impact of urbanization on urban-rural income gap is a certain guiding significance for the spatial development of regional population,economy and society.Secondly,on the measurement and analysis methods of urbanization level,many indicators covering urbanization level have been constructed,which jumps out of the single index measurement method of using population urbanization rate as a measure of urbanization level,and at the same time adopts improved entropy technology.This paper objectively synthesizes urbanization comprehensive index,population urbanization index,Economic Urbanization index,social urbanization index and spatial urbanization index,which better reflects the urbanization's impact on urbanrural income gap in the process of urbanization,and makes the conclusion of the study more practical significance and reference value.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: firstly,in the evaluation system of urbanization indicators,the central region has the greatest impact on urban construction land area,the smallest impact on population urbanization rate,the western region has the greatest impact on urban population density,and the ratio of secondary and tertiary industries to GDP has the smallest impact;secondly,the comprehensive index of urbanization and the income gap between urban and rural areas in the central region are inverted "U" relations,with inflection point of 0.142557,while There is no inverted "U" relationship between the western region and the central and western region as a whole.The comprehensive urbanization index and urban-rural income gap in the western region are positive,while the comprehensive urbanization index and urban-rural income gap in the central and western region are negative.Thirdly,the urbanization index of population,Economic Urbanization index,social urbanization index and spatial urbanization index of the central region affect urban-rural income.The impact of the gap is significantly negative.The difference between the western and central regions is that the urbanization index has a significant positive impact on the income gap between urban and rural areas,that is,widening the income gap between urban and rural areas.This is related to the backward social security system in the western region and the serious urban bias.The population urbanization index,economic urbanization index and spatial urbanization index in the central and western region as a whole have a significant impact on the income gap between urban and rural areas.The influence of social urbanization index on urban-rural income gap is significantly positive.