The Development And Current Situation Of Grain Production Structure In Jilin Province

Since the establishment of Poeple's Republic of China,especially since the reform and opening up,China's grain output has increased substantially.China's total grain output reached 113.184 million tons in 1949 and 616.239 million tons in 2016,with an increase of 50.305 million tons in all and an average annual increase of 2.56%.Accompanied by the "twelfth consecutive increase" in grain output since 2004,China's grain production is also facing some problems: the "three quantity increases simultaneously" and "three highs coexist" in grain production,the increasingly prominent structural contradiction in grain production,the imbalance of supply and demand structure of agricultural products,and the disorder of resource allocation.As the main grain-producing area,the grain production structure in Jilin province has changed a lot.In 1940 s,corn,soybean and coarse grain each accounted for 1/3 of the total grain output in Jilin province.With the establishment of People's Republic of China,corn production continued to grow.In 2015,the corn planting area in Jilin province accounted for 71% of the total grain planting area,and the grain production structure of Jilin province was basically corn-dominated.At present,the main problem of grain production structure in Jilin province is to handle the “single type-dominated production”,and adjust the current unreasonable structure.First,the proportion of sown area of grain crops in the total sown area of crops in Jilin province is too high.Second,maize accounts too much in the total amount of food crops in Jilin province.In the face of these problems,the exploration of the rationality of the future optimization directions of grain production structure in Jilin province has become the key issue of agricultural development in Jilin province.This research has important practical significance for guaranteeing national food security,which is in line with the urgent need of China's current agricultural supply-side structural reform.It can provide decision-making basis for the policy reform of corn purchase and storage in Jilin province and improve the targeting of policy objectives,and provide experience for the next adjustment of grain production structure in Jilin province.This paper employed relevant statistical data of Jilin province from 1949 to 2017 to sort out the evolution process of the grain production structure of Jilin province in the past 70 years,clarified the historical evolution of the grain production structure of Jilin province and the reasons for the changes,and explored the correspondence between the grain production structure and social and economic development,based on the analysis of the present situation of grain production structure in Jilin Province and the existing grain production structure,the rationality of grain production structure is analyzed,so that we can see the dilemma of the grain production structure in Jilin province and discuss the optimization direction of the grain production structure in the future.(1)The overall design of grain production structure optimization in Jilin Province should be carried out on the objective premise of ensuring the superiority of maize production.The structure of grain production in Jilin Province reflects the historical evolution of agriculture.At present,there are three main reasons for the formation of the dominant structure of maize.One is that maize has the best adaptability under this natural condition,the second is that the remarkable scientific and technological progress of maize make maize a high-yielding crop.The third is that since the reform and opening up,the national policy of building commodity grain bases laid a solid foundation for maize production system.(2)In the context of market supply and demand,the optimization of grain production structure in Jilin province should adhere to the market-oriented principle,the principle of ecological sustainability and the principle of coordinated industrial development.The overall optimization idea is based on the vertical level optimization,supplemented by the horizontal level optimization,which combines the horizontal level optimization with the vertical level optimization.From the perspective of current market supply and demand,the space for horizontal level optimization is relatively limited.Therefore,taking crop quality,use and associated industries as the breakthrough point for optimization,the realization of vertical level optimization can give play to the substantial effect of grain production structure optimization.(3)The specific optimization directions of each level are as follows: the horizontal level optimization should grasp the direction of "stability,reduction and increase"."Stability" refers to the stabilization of rice planting area and maize planting in maize dominant areas."Decrease" means appropriately reducing the planting area of non-dominant areas of corn and reducing the grain corn."Increase" means increase the planting of soybean and other grains appropriately.According to the regional development layout and the ecological environment development,in the grain production structure,the proportion of planting area of maize,rice,soybean and miscellaneous grains will be adjusted to 6:1.5:1.5:1 in the grain production structure.The longitudinal level of optimization should grasp the direction of "excellent grain,expanding economy,increasing feeding and promoting grazing".The primary task is the internal structure of corn should be adjusted according to the ternary structure.We should promote the formation of a triad pattern of staple grain,forage grass and miscellaneous grain,build a structure for the coordinated development of grain,grain and feed,and promote the agricultural development trend of integrating planting and breeding with farming and animal husbandry.