| The trade cooperation between China and the United States is getting closer and closer.The volume of trade between China and the United States has increased from $2.5 billion in 1979 to $583.6 billion in 2017,making each other the first major trading partner.However,since China's reform and opening up,trade frictions between China and the United States have continued to expand,and China's high-tech industries have gradually become the focus of the United States.From 2002 to 2017,the United States initiated more than 200 trade relief cases against China by means of "double-reaction","quota control","discriminatory export" and U.S.domestic trade law.The field of friction has gradually expanded from textiles,color TV sets and other means to chemical,steel,mechanical and electrical and high-tech products.From 2006 to 2017,China's high-tech products have gradually shifted from labor-intensive products to technology-intensive products.The technology industry has become a major target of attack in the United States.In August 2017,the United States launched the sixth "301 Investigation" against China on the grounds of "China's theft of American intellectual property rights",which became the fuse of the Sino-US trade frictions focusing on high-tech products.With the rapid development of trade globalization,bilateral trade of high-tech products between China and the United States has grown rapidly and has great potential.However,the US-China trade deficit in high-tech products has been widening because of the US's strict technology export control over China,which has led to the slow growth of the export volume of high-tech products between the United States and China.At present,scholars at home and abroad mainly focus on two aspects:one is the impact of export control on Sino US trade imbalance;the other is the impact of export control on China's high-tech industry technological innovation.Because the first aspect of the study has more research space in analyzing the impact of export control on Sino-US ATP trade imbalance,based on the previous research results of export control,this paper selected the trade data of U.S.ATP exports to 30 trading partners from 1998 to 2017,according to the U.S.Export Control Regulations,30 countries will be under export control intensity.Divided into three groups,the paper makes a comparative analysis of the impact of U.S.export controls on China and other countries in varying degrees on the export trade of high-tech products between the United States and China.The first part of this paper is the introduction,which mainly introduces the background and significance of this study,combs the relevant literature from three aspects:American export control,Sino-US ATP trade and their relationship,and explains the research methods,main contents,innovations and shortcomings of this paper.The second part clarifies the relevant concepts of this study,and introduces the theoretical basis related to trade friction and export control.The third part firstly studies the US technology export control policy,then analyses the current situation of China-US ATP trade from two aspects of bilateral trade volume and trade structure,and finally combs and analyses the development process of this Sino-US high-tech product trade friction.The fourth part makes a quantitative analysis of the US technology export control,and from the two aspects of trade effect and technology import effect,analyses the path that technology export control affects China's import of US high-tech products.The fifth part adds three variables,namely,the intensity of technology export control,common border and APEC member states,and then makes an empirical analysis of export control and other related factors by using the extended trade gravity model.Finally,this paper summarizes the results of the previous studies,and puts forward policy recommendations for the development of import trade of high-tech products between China and the United States.According to the analysis of the trade situation of high-tech products between China and the United States,the export rate of high-tech products from the United States to China from 2003 to 2017 is significantly lower than the import rate to China,and the trade deficit of high-tech products between the United States and China is growing year by year.From the trade structure of ATP between China and the United States,we can see that the United States has great restrictions on the export of computer office equipment and aerospace products to China.The empirical analysis shows that the relaxation of export control has a significant positive impact on the import trade of high-tech products between China and the United States.Under the same trade conditions,the third group of countries represented by China has the greatest impact on the three groups of countries,followed by the second group of countries,and finally the first group of countries.In the third category,APEC member states have not significantly promoted the export trade of computer and office equipment,electronic and communications equipment,aerospace and other high-tech products.The most fundamental reason is the discriminatory export control policies adopted by the United States against China in the field of sub-products.The main innovations of this paper are as follows:Firstly,for a long time,the research on export control has been limited to qualitative analysis of the causes and effects of export control,or the impact of export control on bilateral trade has been analyzed as a virtual variable in the measurement model,without quantifying the intensity of export control.Therefore,this paper uses relevant scholars to adjust the degree of control on the basis of the degree of freedom of trade and technology export control,and calculates the intensity of technology export control of five categories of ATPs subdivided by the United States under the SITC(Rev.3)quintile for the main 30 high-tech products trading countries.Secondly,when studying the impact of export control on the export trade of high-tech products between the United States and China,this paper selected 30 major ATP trading countries of the United States as samples,and divided them into three categories according to the U.S.Export Control Regulations.The samples were tested in the measurement model.China,as the representative country of the third group of countries under strict control,was compared with the results of the other two groups.The analysis can better illustrate the impact of the United States' special strict export control on the trade of high-tech products between the two countries. |
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