| Tourist attractions can not only be an important component of the tourism industry,but one of the main venues for holding tourist activities,of which A-level tourist attraction is the representative of quality tourist attractions.Taking the A-level tourist attraction in Shandong as the research object,this paper studies carefully from three aspects of spatial structure,type structure and hierarchical structure,and further compares the relevant provinces to discuss the structural characteristics and related influencing factors of the A-level tourist attraction in Shandong.First of all,through selecting the data of A-level tourist attraction in 2018 of Shandong Province,and using ArcGIS 10.4 and SPSS software,this paper calculates the tourist attractions' imbalance index,concentration index and nuclear density,and respectively discusses the spatial distribution characteristics of tourist attractions in Shandong and its 17 cities,in order to further explore the spatial agglomeration of middle and high-end tourist attractions.Secondly,through classifying the A-level tourist attractions in Shandong Province,the paper discusses the spatial structure characteristics of the overall tourist attractions,high-end tourist attractions,and middleend tourist attractions,as well as further divides the prefecture-based tourist attractions by combining with the number of tourist attractions of K-means clustering results and 17 cities.Finally,based on the data of A-level tourist attractions from 2010 to 2018 in Shandong Province,the paper explores the level development trends,characteristics and hierarchy structure evolution process of tourist attractions,calculates the proportion of high-end tourist attractions through the dominance index and Jeff model,as well as makes the comparison with the pyramid hierarchical structure in Guangdong Province,Jiangsu Province and Hebei Province.In addition,through integrating the spatial distribution pattern of middle and high-end tourist attractions in Shandong Province,the paper further analyzes the driving role of middle and high-end tourist attractions in shaping tourist destinations,and proposes the optimization suggestions according to the current structure of tourism attractions in Shandong.Based on the research,it can be found that:(1)The tourist attractions in Shandong Province are relatively balanced in the spatial distribution,existing three types of agglomerated,random and discrete tourist attractions in the 17 cities.The high-end tourist attractions in Shandong represents the pattern of "one axis and four points",and the middle-level tourist attractions have a pattern of "two groups and six points",of which the area around the Jiaozhou Bay is the core gathering area of middle and high-end tourist scenic spots.(2)The type structure of A-level tourist attractions in Shandong Province is dominated with the humanistic scenic spots of the modern tourism resources and the natural scenic spots of geographical tourism resources.According to the types and number of tourist attractions,17 prefectures and cities in Shandong Province can be divided into 7 types of structures,mainly including the rural,rural + mountain,rural + cultural relics,rural + mountain + artificial landscape,rural + artificial landscape + seaside and island,artificial landscape + resort and cultural relics type.(3)A-level tourist attractions in Shandong Province have a complete hierarchical structure in the spindle type,but lacking the enough number of tourist attractions.From 2010 to 2016,the structure of A-level tourist attractions in Shandong Province owns the stable evolution,especially 3A-level tourist attractions become the main components after 2016.During 2010-2018,141 2-3A-level tourist attractions were promoted to 4A and 5A-level tourist attractions,and 100 tourist attractions have been directly rated as 4A-level tourist attractions.The tourist attractions in Ludong,Lunan and Luzhong regions have a complete hierarchical structure,and the A-level tourist attractions are mainly concentrated in the Ludong region.However,there are hierarchical gaps and incomplete structures in the tourist attractions of Luxi and Lubei areas,and the number can also be lower than the other three areas.What's more,in terms of geographical space,the distribution pattern of middle and high-end tourist attractions can highly coincide with the destinations of "the top ten tourism brands" in Shandong Province.Based on the spatial,type and hierarchical structure characteristics and development status of A-level tourist attractions in Shandong Province,the paper puts forward the following four suggestions,mainly including breaking the regional administrative barriers to realize the joint development of tourism brands,upgrading the level of middle-end tourist attractions to expand the proportion of high-end tourist attractions,highlighting the radiation influence of core tourist attractions,as well as strengthening the industry collaboration to enhance the benefits of scenic spots. |
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