Research On The Competitiveness Of China's High-tech Industry

As China's economic growth slows down,the adjustment and optimization of industrial structure have become the top priority of national economic development.The United States has been trying to curb the technological development of our country,and international trade frictions occur from time to time.Export-oriented enterprises,especially high-tech enterprises,have high requirements for the development environment.In the face of complex and changeable international environment,how to make strategic becomes very important.Moreover,before the enterprise managers make decisions,they should make a detailed analysis of the external environment of the enterprise,which include industry development analysis.Therefore,the research on the competitiveness of high-tech industry can help managers to make correct decisions.In order to find out the gap between the competitiveness of China's high-tech industry and that of developed countries,this paper mainly uses the WIOD database from 2000 to 2014 to analyze and compare the differences in high-tech industry competitiveness between China and major developed countries(the United States,Germany and Japan)through matrix operation.This paper mainly uses three kinds of progressive indicators to compare:(1)export share and its growth;(2)the composition of value-added in exports;(3)the position in the global value chain(average step length of value-added)and its "industrial smile curve".The results show that there are the following differences between China and the major developed countries(the United States,Germany and Japan)in the high-tech industry:(1)export share and its growth: China's industrial scale is very advantageous in the international market,and China's export growth rate has always been higher than the global total export growth rate.In terms of export share,China has obvious advantages in high-tech manufacturing industry,and high-tech service industry is relatively weak.Although China's high-tech manufacturing industry has obvious advantages in this respect,it does not fully show that China's high-tech manufacturingindustry has strong competitiveness,and the added value in the export volume needs to be considered.(2)Value added in exports: first,compared with the United States,Germany and Japan,the proportion of domestic value added in China's exports is not much lower.Second,as China's total export volume is rising rapidly,and the proportion of domestic added value remains at a stable level,the proportion of China's total domestic added value exported to China in the total domestic added value of all countries in the world is also increasing,which shows the improvement of China's industrial international competitiveness.But at the same time,the total value-added from foreign countries in China's total exports is growing by a larger margin,which means that there is a certain amount of processing trade in China's exports,and many exports rely on intermediate inputs from other countries.In the aspect of added value of high-tech industry,China's high-tech manufacturing industry and service industry rely on the processing of imported intermediate products for added value export,without forming their own complete industrial chain,but as an intermediate link of high-tech products,they assemble and export intermediate products,which are in the downstream of GVC.(3)Industrial smile curve: the average step length of China's overall added value is the largest,with the highest complexity in the global value system.According to the measurement results of three levels of 56 industries(three industry measures,five industry measures and single industry measures)in wiod data,different industries show "smile curve" in different years,which indicates that "smile curve" is not common at the industrial level,so it is impossible to directly adjust the industrial layout according to the economic meaning of "smile curve".Through the research results,we can get the following suggestions: first,from the research results of export share and its growth and value-added in exports,China's high-tech manufacturing export growth rate and total export value-added are not always at a disadvantage compared with developed countries,which shows that China's high-tech manufacturing industry has certain competitiveness in total.However,the total value-added from foreign countries in China's exports is larger than that from domestic,which indicates that the exports of China's high-tech manufacturing industry depend on the intermediate inputs from other countries andneed to be strengthened in terms of technological independence;the competitiveness of China's high-tech service industry is much weaker than that of high-tech manufacturing industry,which indicates that the development of China's high-tech industry is uneven And in the international comparison,China's high-tech service industry has not formed a strong competitive advantage.Therefore,in the export-oriented high-tech manufacturing industry,the enterprise managers should take the formation of core technology as the enterprise goal.In the export-oriented high-tech service industry,the enterprise managers should pay attention to the cultivation of core competitiveness and form a closer interaction between the two types of enterprises.Second,from the industrial level,the so-called high-tech or high-end industries are not high value-added contribution industries.Therefore,while developing high-tech industries,we should not give up other industries in the industrial production chain.Therefore,enterprises in export-oriented non-high-tech industries also play an important role in international trade.In addition to achieving stable development on the original basis,such enterprises should form cooperation or strategic partnership with high-tech enterprises for common development.Third,the "smile curve" is not universal at the industrial level,so it is impossible to directly adjust the industrial layout with the economic meaning of "smile curve".Therefore,we should not simply adopt the "two in three" strategy,which is a rash approach.We should consider the specificity of different industries,focus on giving full play to the specific commercial parts within different industries(such as marketing,research and design,etc.),and participate in GVC All industries of the company have developed,instead of focusing on the development of high-tech industries,ignoring the impact of other industries on high-tech industries Industry support.From the measurement results,the contribution rate of added value has the trend of equalization in different industries,and the industries in different locations can obtain reasonable added value.Fourth,it is also important to provide a good industrial development environment.High end talents,technology matching with industrial development and policies and systems that are easy for industrial development can help enterprises in high-techindustry to achieve development goals better without being hindered by other factors in the development process.