| Moderate scale management of land is an inevitable requirement for the development of rural industries.Not only can it effectively integrate resources such as land and labor,but it can also increase the income level of farmers,which is of great significance to the rural revitalization.However,the household contracting operation system has caused serious land fragmentation,low agricultural production efficiency,unstable agricultural income,and low enthusiasm of farmers for planting crops.As a result,part-time work has taken place.Many people leave the farm but do not leave the land,causing waste of land resources.The existing research on the moderate scale of land mainly focuses on measuring the moderate scale of food crops in developed areas in the central and eastern regions from the perspective of income maximization,while less research has been done on cash crops in poor mountainous regions in the west.There are fewer literature to estimate the optimal planting scale of different types of farmers based on the degree of concurrent employment.Based on the consideration of different part-time angelica growers,this article calculates the optimal planting scale of angelica from the perspective of opportunity cost and family income maximization,and tries to find a way that both part-time and agricultural development go in parallel.The research results provide theoretical guidance for the moderate scale operation of economic crops in poor mountain areas,and provide a reference for the government to formulate land-related policies.This study uses field survey data of 425 angelica growers in Min County,Gansu Province.Referring to the classification standard of rural households by the Office of the Rural Fixed Observation Office of the Ministry of Agriculture,this article defines agricultural income as more than 80%of household income as farmer households;50%?80%is defined as farmer households with part-time employment;10%?50%is defined as part-time farmer households with employment;less than 10%are defined as non-farmer households.First,through descriptive statistical analysis,the current situation of Angelica planting and the problems in the realization of scale management are summarized;Secondly,the opportunity cost method and production function method are used to measure the appropriate scale of land of angelica growers under different degrees of concurrent employment,and combined with the Logistic-ISM model to analyze the factors affecting the scale of Angelica and establish a hierarchical structure diagram of the factors;Finally,the research results are analyzed in depth,and the realization paths of modest scale management of land for farmer households,farmer households with part-time employment,part-time farmer households with employment and non-farmer households are proposed.The conclusions of this study are as follows:(1)The main constraints in the process of moderate scale land management are:land fragmentation is serious,there are many obstacles to large-scale land management,the enthusiasm for land circulation is not high,the phenomenon of farmers'concurrent employment is serious,large-scale operations lack professional talents,crops are severely affected by natural disasters,and farmers'willingness to grow on a large scale is not strong,the industrial structure is single,and the large-scale operation of Angelica is limited.(2)The factors of educational level,proportion of agricultural income,experience of land circulation,e-commerce platform,joining cooperatives and land types factors had a positive effect on farmer's planting scale of Angelica.And the distance from Angelica trading market and the difficulty of bank loans had a restrictive effect on farmer's planting scale of Angelica.Among them,the proportion of agricultural income and the difficulty of bank loans are superficially the main direct factors;experience of land circulation,e-commerce platform,distance from the Angelica trading market and cooperatives are the secondary indirect factors;land types and education levels are the deep-rooted factors.(3)Under the opportunity cost method,the optimal planting scale of Angelica is 1.16hm~2;Under the condition of maximizing household income,the optimal planting scale of Angelica of farmer households,farmer households with part-time employment,part-time farmer households with employment and non-farmer households was 0.92 hm~2,1.33 hm~2,1.23 hm~2and 0.74 hm~2,respectively.Among them,the scale reward of farmer households and non-farmer households was on the increase,while the scale reward of farmer households with part-time employment and part-time farmer households with employment was decreasing.To realize the scale economy effect of angelica planting,it needs to be transferred to land.Among them,the max scale of transfers of part-time farmer households with employment is 1.03 hm~2,and the min scale of transfers of farmer households is 0.39 hm~2.(4)In the process of realizing a moderate scale of land,farmer households should follow a reasonable size interval,innovative land transfer methods,regroup production factors,participate in agricultural technical training,and increase the professionalism of angelica planting.Farmer households with part-time employment should combine land type and land quality to rationally expand the planting area of angelica,find a suitable land-scale management organization,rationally allocate family labor resource,increase the use of traditional Chinese medicine e-commerce platforms.Part-time farmer households with employment should increase farmers'awareness of land functions and moderate scale operation of land,and land scale management can be achieved through land trust.For non-farm households,on the one hand,we need to improve the rural social security system and the land-scale operation subsidy system,allow contracted land management rights to secure financing.On the other hand,farmers should be reasonably guided to flow out land use rights and actively participate in vocational skills training. |
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