| Radix codonopsis lanceolatae is a medicinal and food homologous herb in our country.It is rich in nutrients and bioactive constituents such as protein,polysaccharides,volatile oils,polyphenols,saponins.The roots and shoots of radix codonopsis lanceolatae are mainly used for production and processing,while a large number of poles rich in dietary fiber(DF)are discarded,which not only causes huge economic losses and waste of resources,but also brings potential environmental pollution problems.How to make full use of radix codonopsis lanceolatae poles from the perspective of deep processing(such as extracting functional ingredients)and tap its market potential in food additives and functional food processing has certain practical significance.In recent years,dietary fiber foods has become the focus of scientific research because of their outstanding performance in preventing obesity,reducing the risk of asthma and cardiovascular disease.Meal replacement powder has been widely favored by consumers because of its low calorie and easy satiety.Adding functional ingredients(such as dietary fiber)to meal replacement powder to develop products with more comprehensive nutrition is the mainstream of the development of meal replacement food industry.In this paper,the soluble dietary fiber(SDF)extracted from the radix codonopsis lanceolatae poles by the enzyme-ultrasonic method.Subsequently,the obtained SDF was mixed with polyhedron,erythritol,konjac powder,and whey protein powder to prepare the radix codonopsis lanceolatae pole dietary fiber meal replacement powder.Finally,determined its optimal formula and conducted quality appraisal to provide reference for improving the economic benefits of codonopsis poles and expanding the range of raw materials for meal replacement products.The main research contents and conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)Determining the best extraction process of SDF from radix codonopsis lanceolatae poles.Through single factor and response surface to optimize experiments,the optimal extraction process parameters were obtained as follows: solid-liquid ratio was 1:30,ultrasonic time was 41 min,ultrasonic power was 350 W,ultrasonic wave was 44?,the yield of soluble dietary fiber from codonopsis lanceolata poles could reach 16.01±0.14%.(2)Scanning electron microscope(SEM),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),rheology,in vitro antioxidant properties and cholesterol adsorption capacity analysis of codonopsis lanceolata pole SDF.The SEM results showed that compared with the SDF extracted by hot water extraction,the SDF obtained by the enzyme-ultrasonic method had a looser spatial structure,indicating that the enzyme-ultrasonic method could effectively improve its adsorption.FTIR showed that the internal functional group expansion and contraction changes of SDF obtained by enzyme-ultrasonic method was consistent with the structural characteristics of dietary fiber.The rheological analysis showed that the apparent viscosity of SDF of radix codonopsis lanceolatae pole increased with the increase of concentration,and both concentrations of SDF were pseudoplastic fluids.The anti-oxidation results in vitro showed that the extracted SDF of radix codonopsis lanceolatae pole had better free radical scavenging rate and had antioxidant capacity.The codonopsis lanceolata pole SDF extracted by the two methods had a stronger adsorption capacity for cholesterol at p H7.0than at p H2.0,and the SDF in the enzyme-ultrasonic method group had a stronger adsorption capacity.(3)Determining the water holding capacity,oil holding capacity and swelling force of the radix codonopsis lanceolatae pole SDF.The results were: the water holding capacity was7.99±0.15 g/g,the oil holding capacity was 6.56±0.14 g/g,the swelling force was 7.17±0.14 m L/g.(4)Determining the best formula for codonopsis lanceolata pole DF meal replacement powder.Through the optimization of single factor experiment and response surface methodology,the best formula was obtained: the addition of radix codonopsis lanceolatae pole DF was 17.7%,the addition of polygonatum chinensis powder was 23.7%,the addition of whey protein powder was 23.6%,and the addition of konjac powder was 11.3%,erythritol added 23.7%.The sensory score of the radix codonopsis lanceolatae pole DF meal replacement powder under this formula was 83.39 points.(5)Determining the nutritional components,instant solubility and microbial indicators of radix codonopsis lanceolatae pole DF meal replacement powder under the best formula.The contents of protein,total carbohydrate,dietary fiber and fat in meal replacement powder were 32.2%,42.5%,18.6% and 0,respectively.The solubility of meal replacement powder was 50.4%,and the dispersion time was 6.31±0.02 s.Under magnetic stirring,the wetting and sinking time was 19.96±0.04 s and 10.52±0.03 s,it showed that the developed meal replacement powder had good instant solubility and dispersibility.The microbial indicators of the meal replacement powder: the total number of colonies was 27±0.25 cfu/g,no coliform bacteria and pathogenic bacteria were detected,which met GB7101-2015 requirements.(6)Determining the rheological properties of radix codonopsis lanceolatae pole DF meal replacement powder and the ability to stabilize postprandial blood glucose concentration in humans.The results showed that the developed meal replacement powder had a shear thinning phenomenon,and the apparent viscosity increased with the increase of concentration.In the blood sugar stability test,the IAUC value of the experimental group consuming the meal replacement powder was lower,and less volatility in blood sugar concentration,meal replacement powder could play a certain role in maintaining stability of postprandial blood sugar changes. |
PDF Full Text Request