A Research On The Optimal Operation Strategy Of Closed-loop Supply Chain Considering Carbon Tax And Supply Disruption

China attaches great importance to environmental protection and energy conservation,and has been committed to this since the "energy conservation and emission reduction" was proposed in the "11th Five-Year Plan" in 2006.In the "13th Five-Year Plan",a comprehensive work plan for energy conservation and emission reduction was issued,and the work of "energy conservation and emission reduction" was carried out steadily.Enterprises gradually realize that sustainable closed-loop supply chain can help enterprises survive,provide customers with satisfactory services at low cost,and reduce the negative impact on the environment.Carbon dioxide emission control has become an important research area of sustainable development.Remanufacturing of recycled products,as an advanced and resource-saving form of recycling,is recognized by more and more enterprises.On the one hand,remanufacturing can improve resource utilization and reduce greenhouse gas emissions to a certain extent,which is also the reason why remanufacturing is highly concerned.The close relationship between remanufacturing and carbon tax has a great impact on the production and operation strategies of manufacturers as recyclers.On the other hand,under the background of economic globalization,the relationship between the upstream and downstream enterprises in the supply chain is closer,which makes the supply chain complex,the competition among the members of the supply chain is intensified,and supply disruption has become an important proposition to be solved.Once the supply interruption occurs,it will affect the whole supply chain system and bring great inconvenience to the normal operation of the enterprise,causing great losses to the enterprise.In the closed-loop supply chain,how to distribute remanufacturing and manufacturing to minimize the loss in case of supply disruption has become the most concerned problem for manufacturers.First of all,this paper describes the research background and significance of this topic.The literature review of closed-loop supply chain(recovery channels,sustainability),supply disruption and intelligent algorithm are discussed.Secondly,it introduces the theory of closed-loop supply chain,carbon tax policy,supply disruption and intelligent optimization algorithm.Then,the paper divides the two propositions of sustainability and supply disruption into two factors that affect the cost,and establishes the average total cost function model for the manufacturer as recyclers.The purpose of this paper is to solve the problem of operation strategy when the average total cost reaches the optimum under the condition of carbon tax and supply disruption.Finally,Lingo,Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm are designed to solve the model,and then the applicability of the algorithm and the effectiveness of the model are verified by the comparative analysis of specific examples.The results show that:(1)Enterprises need to take measures to prevent disruption from the strategic level(such as purchasing raw materials from multiple suppliers,planning multiple transportation routes,etc.),reduce the possibility of disruption from the source,so that enterprises can maintain normal operation within a certain fluctuation range.However,prevention does not completely eliminate the risk of disruption.If the upstream supplier interrupts the supply of raw materials to the downstream manufacturing enterprise due to its own and inevitable factors,the material demand enterprise will suffer huge losses due to the shortage of raw materials supply.After supply disruption,the manufacturer can take corresponding measures(adjusting the quality level of recycled products and redistributing the cycle ratio of remanufacturing / manufacturing)to minimize the loss caused by supply disruption in the process of recovery and production.(2)The manufacturer’s optimal recycling strategy is to recycle the products that reach the lowest quality level of remanufacturing for remanufacturing,so as to reduce the cost of remanufacturing.After the recycled products reach the minimum quality level,manufacturers can consider replanning the ratio of remanufacturing / manufacturing to reduce costs.(3)According to the relevant carbon tax policies of the government and the stability of suppliers,the optimal production strategy of manufacturers is to flexibly adjust the quality level of recycled products,reasonably allocate the ratio of remanufacturing and manufacturing,so that enterprises can fulfill the environmental protection obligations and improve the environmental benefits while realizing the economic benefits as much as possible.(4)The increase of carbon tax will inhibit the remanufacturing activities of enterprises,which is contrary to the result expected by common sense.The opposite of the expected results may be due to the fact that the manufacturer’s environmental type is not discussed.Some studies show that the environmental type of manufacturers will affect the implementation effect of carbon tax policy.Reducing carbon tax can promote manufacturers to improve the recovery rate,increase remanufacturing and reduce manufacturing-provide some reference for the government to set carbon tax value.