Research On The Balance Of Public Service Facilities Layout In The New Suburb Of Beijing And Shanghai

With the rapid development of social economy,people’s material and spiritual civilization has also pursued at a higher level.The increasingly attention is paid to public service facilities.To develop public service facilities in elaborate and high-quality need comprehensively improve the construction quality of existing public service facilities.At same time,it also needs to optimize allocation of public service facilities so as to meet the time demands.This paper chooses new towns in key city projects as the object,from the New General Regulations of Beijing and Shanghai.The author measures the balance of public service facilities in these six suburban new towns of Beijing and Shanghai,with multi-source data methods.Firstly,this paper sorts out relevant research,concepts and theoretical foundations at home and abroad,and grasping the thread in the field of public service facilities.Secondly,this paper measures the balance of public service facilities in these suburban new towns of Beijing and Shanghai separately from two aspects.The first is the balanced evaluation of the space layout of public service facilities based on the construction goal of the "15-minute living circle".The second is the evaluation of the supply and demand matching of public service facilities based on the social attributes of users.Finally,this paper proposes an optimization strategy for the layout of public service facilities in suburban new towns of Beijing and Shanghai,based on the measurement result of the balance of public service facilities.The study found:（1）Research topics in the field of public service facilities at home and abroad vary a lot.Generally speaking,foreign studies are characterized by diversification,which conduct numerous theoretical and empirical researches with fairness and justice as the main research concept.However,our domestic research stared later than others,which focus on "top-down" but lacking effective expression of residents’ demand mechanisms.It has the obvious characteristic of "policy hot spot arouses research upsurge"（2）Those new towns suburban new towns of Beijing and Shanghai have an obvious single-center structure.The communities in the new town are mainly concentrated in the streets and towns close to the central urban area.In addition to transportation facilities,various types of public service facilities present a "core-edge" distribution pattern around the community gathering area.（3）The spatial distribution of public service facilities in suburban new towns of Beijing and Shanghai is significantly different.The public service facilities of Jiading,Songjiang and Nanqiao New town in Shanghai are more balanced than those in Daxing,Yizhuang and Changping in Beijing.What’s more,the imbalance of leisure,fitness and transportation facilities in the six new towns is more significant than other facilities.The insufficient number and uneven distribution of various public service facilities in suburban new towns of Beijing and Shanghai are the main current problems.（4）There is an obvious polarization in the distribution of public service resources among various groups.The imbalance in suburban new towns of Beijing is more significant than that in Shanghai.Excepting for the Changping New town in Beijing,the remaining five new towns registered population and higher education group have a larger share of public service resources relative to the non-native population and the low education group.Simultaneously,the public service resources of the permanent population in Changping New town under the distinction between the two attributes are showing the opposite polarization.（5）There are clear imbalances in the use of public service resources among social groups of different social attributes,which is more apparent in Shanghai suburban new towns.Among the permanent residents classified by household registration attribute,the Gini coefficient of the new town registered population is lower than that of the immigrant population.Among the resident population classified by education attributes,the Gini coefficient of the high-education population is lower than that of the low-education population,and the overall coefficient of the suburban new towns of Beijing are lower than that of Shanghai.In other words,in terms of balanced access to public service resources among various groups,the three suburban new towns of Beijing are superior to Shanghai.