The Efficiency And Effectiveness Of Bus Operation In Major Cities Of China

China’s urban built-up areas have industrialized fast,besides land urbanization growing rapidly.Increasing urban periphery move inhabitants away from urban centers due to affordability of living cost however,livelihoods attract them toward urban centers.Consequently,increasing urbanization requires an effective transport system to urban areas because it plays a key role to boost up the economy.Public transit is also an effective mode for relieving the pressure of traffic congestion.Therefore,from the perspective of the city,proper management and good performance of public transit are beneficial to alleviating urban problems and achieving the sustainable development of cities.Its efficiency and effectiveness performance widely considered in the research community.Hence this research proposes a twostage measurement approach for 36 major cities of China,at the first stage widely used approach DEA analysis,was carried out i.e.CCR and BCC input orientation models were performed to evaluate the production efficiency and service effeteness of the bus operation system among 36 megacities of China for the year 2016.The model focuses on measuring the performance by integrating multiple stakeholders involved in the bus operation system and are both interrelated inputs and outputs.In the second stage,Tobit regression was performed to further investigate the factors influencing Efficiency and effeteness scores distribution.The results from the first stage show 38.8% of the major cities are efficient and 61.1% of cities are inefficient.47.2% of the sampled cities are effective and 53.8% of the sampled cities are none effective cities.Cities having a large population is more likely to be production efficient than service effective,whereas the cities with a small population are more likely to be service effective than production efficient.the patterns of allocative resources for Haikou,Lasa,and Nanching and their utilization are references point toward efficiency frontier.Slacks’ interpretation suggests how to reallocate resources among cities to improve their efficiency and effectiveness.The projections of inputs and outputs suggested that maximum limits to decrease allocated inputs to achieve the same level of outputs moreover mega cities required to increase their output level to be efficient.The results from the second stage analysis show revenue mileage were found negatively and significantly influence on Production efficacy.The findings have an important implication for China’s bus operation implementation and more general managerial insights for public transit development.