Research On Optimization Of Spatial Layout Of Rural Residential Areas In Shangzhi City Based On MCR Model

As the core of the relationship between people and land in the countryside,rural settlements are the product of human society’s development and progress to a certain stage.At present,the number of agricultural population in my country is very large.Although the level of urbanization in my country has been greatly improved,for a long period of time in the future,rural settlements will still be the main settlement form for farmers to engage in agricultural production and living activities.For a long time,rural settlements lacked some effective measures for regulation and management,which led to the scattered spatial distribution of rural settlements,the effect of agglomeration was not obvious,and the social and economic development of rural settlements was uneven due to the uneven distribution of natural resources.With the development of economic and social transformation,under the background of rapid urbanization,coordinated development of urban and rural areas,and implementation of rural revitalization strategies,a large number of young and middle-aged people leaving their homes to migrate to cities and towns have accelerated the phenomenon of "hollowing" in rural areas.The problem of human-land contradiction in rural areas has become increasingly prominent.Research on the optimization of the spatial pattern of rural residential areas has become an important part of the integrated development of urban and rural areas,and an important link in the implementation of rural revitalization strategies and the construction of beautiful villages.Based on this,this article takes Shangzhi City,Heilongjiang Province as the research area,adopts a combination of qualitative description and quantitative analysis,and uses GIS spatial analysis,Tyson polygon map,kernel density estimation method,and least cumulative resistance model to analyze the rural residents in the research area.The spatial distribution characteristics of points,spatial distribution influencing factors,minimum cumulative resistance model evaluation,and layout optimization strategies are in-depth researched.The results of the study are as follows:First,the spatial distribution characteristics of rural settlements in the study area.On the whole,the number of patches of rural residential areas in the study area is large,and the scale of land use is relatively large;the spatial pattern characteristics are significantly different,and there are certain differences between towns and towns;the spatial distribution presents a relatively uneven agglomeration distribution,mainly distributed In areas with environmental advantages such as towns and roads.From the results of nuclear density analysis,the estimated value of nuclear density presents a spatial distribution of high in the central area and low in the surrounding areas,forming a layout of two main core areas and multiple sub-core areas.The rural residential areas in the study area are affected by human disturbance and the stability of the patches is relatively high.The rural residential areas are not easily relocated after they are formed,so it is difficult to change.Second,the factors affecting the spatial distribution of rural settlements in the study area.The study selected factors such as elevation,slope,distance from rivers,farming radius,distance from towns,etc.,and the results showed that 77.22%of rural settlements are mainly located in areas with an elevation of 300 m or less,indicating that this area is most suitable for rural settlements.Site selection;in areas with flat slopes and gentle slopes,the concentration of rural settlements is relatively high,the scale is larger,and the number is large.77.18%of the rural settlements are distributed within this range;due to the continuous construction of water conservancy and farmland facilities,the river is very important to the rural areas.The impact of residential area layout is gradually weakening;cultivated land is the main place for agricultural production activities in rural areas.95.67%of rural residential areas are distributed in areas less than 200 m away from cultivated land;within a buffer distance of 2000 m from roads,rural residential areas The number is larger,and the closer the distance is,the higher the concentration index is,and the more concentrated the scale.As an administrative center within a certain area,cities and towns have a positive role in promoting the development of rural residential areas,mainly concentrated in the buffer distance of2000 m.Third,optimize the spatial layout of rural residential areas in the study area.Based on the foregoing research results,the resistance surface was constructed from three aspects of terrain resistance,location resistance and land use resistance.Nine evaluation factors were selected,and the weight of each factor was determined by a combination of subjective and objective weighting methods to construct an evaluation index system.The Minimum Cumulative Resistance Model(MCR)is used to measure and finally obtain the evaluation results of the suitability of the rural residential areas in Shangzhi City.According to the results,the study area is divided into highly suitable areas,more suitable areas,generally suitable areas,unsuitable areas and extremely unsuitable areas.About 40% of rural settlements are distributed in unsuitable areas and extremely unsuitable areas.It is urgent to optimize and rectify the suitable area.Finally,based on the above research results,taking into account the needs of the development of rural residential areas,combined with the actual situation,scientifically and rationally proposed rural residential areas for highly suitable areas,more suitable areas,generally suitable areas,unsuitable areas and extremely unsuitable areas.Suggestions on space layout optimization.