| Rural residential area refers to the rural residential area which is interdependent in the region and has certain structure and function.The spatial difference and temporal evolution of its landscape pattern,such as quantity,scale and shape,is the result of the interaction between natural environment and social economy at different stages.With the rapid development of social economy and urbanization,in the process of rapid evolution of spatial and temporal distribution of residential areas,environmental pollution,low degree of intensive land use,small scale,loose layout and prominent contradiction between urban and rural land use have appeared in rural residential areas,which has caused great changes in the spatial layout of rural residential areas in China.Tibet is an important ecological protection site in China.As the capital of Tibet,it is of great significance to study the evolution of rural residential land characteristics and influencing factors and optimize the spatial layout in Lhasa,which can serve the urban and rural ecological environment construction,beautify the living environment and provide reference for the implementation of rural revitalization strategy,and is of great significance to ecological protection and garden planning.This paper takes Lhasa as the research area,selects the land use data of three periods in 2000,2010 and 2020,and based on Arc GIS platform,deeply analyzes the evolution characteristics of the spatial and temporal pattern of rural residential land in Lhasa in the past 20 years by using landscape index method and kernel density analysis method,and discusses the influence of different factors on the spatial layout of rural residential land from three aspects:natural factors,location factors and socio-economic factors.And the geographical detector model is used to analyze the driving degree of these factors to the spatial-temporal pattern of rural residential areas,and the suitability evaluation system of rural residential areas is constructed.Finally,four types of layout optimization are put forward based on the land use status and suitability evaluation results,and countermeasures and suggestions are put forward for the four types of optimization.The main research conclusions are as follows:(1)In terms of time series evolution,the land area of rural residential areas in Lhasa changed frequently with other land types,with the trend indexes of 0.39 and-0.14 respectively,showing an increase of193.05 hm~2from 2000 to 2010,and a decrease of 102.29 hm~2in 2020compared with 2010.The transfer-in and transfer-out of Lhasa were in an uncoordinated state,but the per capita land area showed an upward trend.In terms of spatial differentiation,the landscape pattern of rural residential areas in Lhasa is obviously different in three aspects:scale,shape and density,and the overall trend is to increase the scale,complex shape and distribute from scattered to concentrated;In terms of density change,through nuclear density analysis,it is found that the spatial distribution pattern of rural residential density is"one core and many centers",and the high-value area of nuclear density shifts to the vicinity of Chengguan District of Lhasa City.Comprehensive analysis shows that there are some problems in rural residential areas in Lhasa,such as low degree of intensive land use,scattered layout and broken landscape.(2)Choose different factors from nature,location and social economy to explore their contribution to the change of rural residential land,and use the geographical detector model to analyze the results.It is found that the contribution rate of elevation and distance from the river is greater in nature and location,and the per capita income of farmers,regional GDP and animal husbandry output value are the leading factors affecting the change of rural residential land in social economy.(3)According to the analysis results of the driving factors of the evolution of rural residential areas in Lhasa,the land suitability evaluation index system is constructed,and the index weight is determined by entropy method to calculate the layout suitability of rural residential areas in Lhasa.The results show that the most suitable area accounts for only 15.81%,the most suitable area accounts for 21.91%,the general suitable area accounts for 25.35%,and the less suitable area and unsuitable area account for 36.93%.It is necessary to improve the living environment of residential areas through layout optimization.(4)Based on the utilization status,suitability evaluation results and future development trend of rural residential areas in Lhasa,the rural residential areas in Lhasa are divided into four optimization types,namely,urban-rural integration type,optimized development type,controlled development type and demolition merger type,and scientific and reasonable layout optimization strategies are put forward for each type. |
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