| According to the UN statistics,the population that meets the aging standard in China has ranked first in the world since 2016,the aging population is becoming increasingly serious.More and more old people choose outdoor activities to improve their physical condition and relieve loneliness by communication.Nevertheless,the severe cold climate in Harbin,a grey city in cold region,makes it hard for the elderly to do outdoor activities in winter.As the most popular site for the elderly in Harbin to have outdoor activities,the comprehensive parks lack design details about the elderly’s actual using experience,thus the inappropriate design significantly impacts the elderly’s outdoor recreation experience.To optimize this awkward condition,the ageing suitability of comprehensive parks in Harbin was investigated and evaluated in a successive and comprehensive manner based on the elderly-oriented principle.First of all,the theoretical research progress of several disciplines by Chinese and foreign scholars were summarized,including the planning and design of comprehensive parks,the elderly’s behaviors,psychology and environment interaction relationship,behavior demand theory,the elderly’s features and their demands on comprehensive parks,which worked as theoretical support for further studies.It was discussed why applying Post occupancy evaluation(POE)to the present paper,and it was determined as the major research method in this paper.In the following,extensive field investigations were performed at 9 comprehensive parks of research significance in Harbin on the internal space utilization by the elderly.Questionnaires were then issued to the elderly in four representative comprehensive parks including Songjiang Ecological Park in Xiangfang District,Xiangjiang Park in Nangang District,Health Ecological Park in Daoli District,and Central Park in Songbei District to get the basic usage statistics.The comprehensive analysis on the survey results suggested the comprehensive parks in Harbin failed to meet the elderly’s demands.Factors that affected the ageing suitability of the comprehensive parks in Harbin were divided into 37 classes,5categories.Then,POE questionnaires were later issued to the elderly that had outdoor activities in the four representative comprehensive parks in Harbin to investigate the satisfaction and importance of factors affecting the ageing suitability.The evaluation results were quantified in the form of a Richter scale,and the questionnaire results were evaluated by IPA.The advantages and disadvantages of the factors affecting the ageing suitability of the comprehensive parks in Harbin were obtained,and the most cost-effective and effective personalized improvement strategies that can quickly make the elderly satisfied with the ageing suitability were proposed.Finally,an evaluation system to evaluate the ageing suitability of comprehensive parks in Harbin was built with the AHP analytic method.With the established system,various factors affecting the ageing suitability were scored by expert scoring method,weighted with importance evaluation offered by the elderly.The factors affecting the ageing suitability of comprehensive parks in Harbin that need to be optimized were prioritized in a more scientific manner.The comprehensive scores for the four representative comprehensive parks in terms of the ageing suitability were 83.6 points for Health Ecological Park in Daoli District,77.95 points for Songjiang Ecological Park in Xiangfang District,75.43 points for Xiangjiang Park in Nangang District,and 74.52 points for Central Park in Songbei District,respectively in descending order.Due to the poor ageing suitability,universal strategies to optimize the ageing suitability of comprehensive parks in Harbin were proposed based on the optimization priority degree for the factors affecting the ageing suitability and 7 optimization principles.These strategies included to construct a rational spatial layout suitable for the elderly with features of cold region,to build comprehensive,detailed and personalized facilities suitable for the elderly,to build a landscape and greening effect that suit both the elderly and the climate,to design a scientific,convenient and barrier-free transportation system for the elderly,and to perfect the supporting services for the elderly. |
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