Spatial Distribution And Ecological Livability Evaluation Of Typical Open Space In Central Urban Area Of Guangzhou

As cities enter the stage of Meticulous development,livability,vitality and sustainable development become the new goals of urban development and construction in the new period.Meanwhile,the movement of urban development change is running to abandon the urban development model in the traditional period at the expense of the ecological environment,so as to enhance the quality of development and people ’s happiness of life.The new draft version of the Master Plan of Guangzhou City（2017-2035）proposes to build a livable city to enhance the improve development quality.Besides,it points out to enhance the use of ecological land in the central city for efficiency enhancement,i.e.,urban open space as a precious ecological open space in the central city of Guangzhou.In the context of the compression of ecological land in Guangzhou ’ s urban development process,urban open space plays an irreplaceable role in maintaining basic urban public safety,meeting residents’ needs for recreation and closeness to nature,as well as regulating the urban ecological environment.Therefore,the study of urban open space and the improvement of the utilization rate of the existing urban open space can help promote the spatial management and ecological construction of the Guangzhou city.Based on the concept of urban open space,the study not only takes the central urban area of Guangzhou as the spatial distribution area at the macro level,but also selects urban green space and urban waterfront space among urban open space as the research objects of urban ecological livability service.Afterward,the spatial distribution,change characteristics and influencing factors of typical urban open space in 20 years are systematically analyzed by using RS,GIS,Grey relational model and mathematical statistics methods.According to the overall spatial distribution changes,the Yuexiu District is used as a typical case study area at the micro-level,and the three evaluation perspectives of ecological services,social services,and usage services are selected to evaluate the spatial accessibility,internal ecological quality and the usage needs of people in typical urban open space roads by combining the construction guidelines of a livable city（beautiful environment,convenient transportation,comfortable living,etc.）and the functions of urban open space.Moreover,with the help of spatial syntax line segment model,Sol VES model evaluation method,questionnaire survey,SPSS multiple regression analysis,and network analysis technologies of GIS,taking into account the traditional evaluation indexes,the service capability of typical open space is comprehensively analyzed and compared with each other.Ultimately,Finally,an analysis of typical urban open spaces in Yuexiu District is presented to optimize the conceptual design and countermeasure research.Based on the existing research,it is concluded that:（1）The spatial distribution of typical open spaces in the central city of Guangzhou during the 20 years from 2000 to 2020 is continuously retreating from the old city center to the suburbs,and the overall number of areas shows a decreasing trend.Besides,it is in the stage of land contraction.In terms of spatial and temporal patterns,the central and western parts of the city are rapidly decreasing,followed by the southern and northern parts,and some central regions have been added.Also,the spatial distribution of each typical urban open space city within the central urban area is not consistent.The more drastic changes in each administrative district are Huangpu District,Panyu District,Liwan District,and Tianhe District.The more moderate ones are Yuexiu District,Baiyun District,and Haizhu District.（2）The results of the gray correlation model show that the urbanization level factor dominates the social environment variables with a correlation degree of 4.95,while the GDP factor is second only to the urbanization level with a correlation degree of 3.68.This indicates that social factors such as urbanization level,social fixed asset investment,GDP,population density,the proportion of the secondary industry,and the proportion of tertiary industry will indirectly stimulate the development of urban construction land,thus affecting the spatial distribution of urban open space and spatially compressing ecological land.（3）The ecological livability service of typical open space in Yuexiu District can be better evaluated in the regression evaluation model,and the regression equation of the model is R>0.5 for each period,with a good fit.The service distribution of park green space is high in the north-central part and low in the southeast part,with low service area coverage.Thus,it shows that the uneven spatial distribution of service capacity and low service quality.The distribution of waterfront space is relatively high in the north-south and low in the east,with suitable service area coverage and relatively balanced service level distribution,but the service quality is average and still needs further optimization.In short,the service levels of ecological livability of typical urban open space all show a distribution trend of high in the middle and low in the east,with huge service differences in the middle and south.（4）The weighted model can increase the stability of the evaluation of the service capacity of typical open space,and the typical park green space integrally presents a spatial distribution of high in the middle and west and low in the north and south.And the typical waterfront space shows a spatial distribution of high in the north and low in the south.The comprehensive service levels of ecological livability of typical urban open spaces all show a distribution trend of high in the central part and low in the east and south.Generally speaking,the distribution of high and low grades is basically consistent with the results of the initial evaluation,and the evaluation results are relatively stable,with huge service differences in the west and north.However,the comprehensive ecological livability service capacity of typical open spaces in the Yuexiu District is reduced,and the percentage of dominant and inferior areas are similar,and the comprehensive service capacity all show different distributed spaces.As a result,the study proposes that: Firstly,it should enhance the total amount of open space in the overall central city and improve the spatial layout.Secondly,it should arrange urban green space open space in the form of small patches to meet people’s needs.After that,it proposes three aspects of optimization: overall control,optimization of various facilities,and improvement of waterfront space utilization.