| Strengthening the research on mountain and rural development is a policy response to the country’s strategy of rural revitalization.At the same time,it’s an eternal pursuit of sustainable rural development.The theoretical basis of this article is Mr.Wu Liangyong’s“five major systems” of human settlements.And the research goal of this article is to evaluate the sustainable development capacity of the human settlement environment in mountainous villages,and to divide the development types of villages.Taking Hanyuan County in Sichuan Province as an example,this article’s research result expecting to provide a reference for the development of mountain villages.Firstly,constructing an evaluation index system for the sustainable development of the human settlement environment based the five systems of "nature,network,housing,human beings,and society".And then,establishing a spatial database of human settlements,based on MODIS remote sensing data,socio-economic statistics,land use data,digital elevation model(DEM)and other multi-source spatial data sets.Secondly,by combining and reconstructing the 8 first-level indicators,evaluating 3 dimensions of development,support,and restriction.Which based on the relationship of the subject and the object.Then,the evaluation index of the sustainable development ability of human settlement environment is constructed.Lastly,classifying the types of village development by using the way of index method and combination method,which based on the result of human settlement.Conclusions as following:(1)Affected by the topography,the elements of the human settlement environment show obvious spatial agglomeration and heterogeneity in space.Specifically,it is characterized by the spatial pattern of "low in the middle and high in the surrounding area".(1)The system of natural.The spatial pattern of topographic suitability shows reverse feature,comparing with the spatial pattern of ecological importance and ecological fragility in Hanyuan County.On the one hand,in the relatively flat area,the value of topographic suitability is high.For example,the center of Liusha River Valley,the Dadu River and the surrounding areas of Hanyuan Lake,who’s slope is less than 15°and it’s altitude is less than 1500 m.On the other hand,in the vast mountainous areas around the county,which altitude is mostly between 1500-3500 m and the slope is between15°-79°.Then,the topographic suitability is low and the land use intensity is also low,which is an important ecological area.At the same time,there are geological disasters in the county,landslides and debris flows,mainly distributing around Hanyuan Lake and parts of the northern part of the county.(2)The system of network.Affected by natural factors,such as elevation and rivers,the overall transportation advantage of the county is not high.In mountainous areas,the high-level traffic lines(national/provincial roads)of Hanyuan County are mainly laid out in north-south and east-west directions along the river,while the layout of village-level roads is parallel to the contour lines.Villages with high traffic advantages are concentrated in the Liusha River Valley and around the Hanyuan Lake,such like a ribbon.However,the traffic advantage is low in the northwest,southwest and eastern mountainous areas,which restricted by the terrain.(3)The system of human and settlement.In general,the development of population and settlements is low,and the characteristics of spatial agglomeration and consistency are significant.On the one hand,the overall size of residential areas is relatively low.For instance,the average land use of rural residential areas at the county level only accounts for 4.68%.While,in the center of Valley Accumulation Zone of Liu Sha river,the proportion of residential land is high.At the same time,this area is also a densely populated area,which population density is more than 1,000 people per square kilometer.On the other hand,in the surrounding middle and high mountainous areas,the proportion of residential land and population density are low.(4)The system of society.Overall,The level of social development in Hanyuan county is low,while it’s spatial imbalance is obvious.Typically,the average social development of the county is 0.19,and more than 45% of the villages are below the average level.Specifically,the villages with a high degree of development are mainly distributed in the characteristic industrial zone in the north,the quicksand river valley in the middle and the minority villages with a large population in the south.While in the surrounding vast mountainous areas,the social development is low.(2)There are obvious spatial differences in the sustainable development capacity of rural human settlements,which showing strong spatial constraint by terrain and its derived factors.(1)The degree of development and the degree of restriction show a reverse distribution in space.Specifically,highly developed villages are concentrated in the central valley areas,whose population density is high,transportation advantage is high and concentration of settlements is also high.While,their ecological restriction is low.On the contrary,in the surrounding mountainous area,the degree of ecological restriction is high,while the population density,residential scale,traffic advantage and development degree is low.(2)The villages with better human settlement environment support are mainly distributed in the central region.In these areas,there are national roads(G108,G5),provincial roads(S306)and other transportation lines.At the same time,due to the relatively stable geological conditions,the villages with high human settlement index is also distributed in the southern part of the county.(3)In general,the level of sustainable development of the county’s human settlement environment is not high.And there are large regional differences,showing significantly nature constraint character.In terms of quantity,the proportions of villages with lower,low,medium,high and higher human settlement index are 15.76%,18.23%,22.66%,23.65%,19.70%.In terms of space,the sustainable development capability index of human settlements is relatively high in Low terrain area.Such as the central of river valley and the surrounding areas,areas around Hanyuan Lake or Dadu River,whose altitude is lower than 1200 meter and the slope is lower than 15 degree.While,in the vast mountainous areas,whose altitude is higher than 1500 meter and slope is more than 35 degree,the sustainable development capability index of human settlements is low.(3)In the overall pattern,the zoning result of the village development type is relatively consistent with the actual situation of Hanyuan County,although there are differences in some areas.Among them,the zoning result of the index method is closer to reality than the combination method.(1)In quantity,by using the index method,the218 evaluation units are divided into 127 characteristic development villages,38 suburban integration villages,31 cluster promotion villages and 22 relocation and merger villages.Among them,the characteristic development villages include 58 ecological protection villages,14 characteristic protection villages and 55 characteristic industrial villages.(2)In terms of spatial pattern,the development type of villages is closely related to the topographic conditions.The characteristic development villages are widely distributed around the county,showing the circular distribution characteristics.And the ecological protection villages are mainly distributed in the southwest,northwest and Eastern Middle and high mountain areas.The characteristic industrial villages are mainly distributed in the mountainous areas of north and center.The villages of urban integration and cluster promotion are mainly distributed in the middle of Liusha river and around Hanyuan lake.The relocated and merged villages are distributed in the southern,central and eastern mountainous areas. |
