| Lhasa is located in the middle of the Tibetan Plateau.It is an ancient city with thousands of years of history and civilization.It is an important part of the birthplace of China’s multi-culture.Tibet has a unique natural geography and religious cultural environment,which forms a unique appearance and space of the vernacular dwellings.Since the peaceful liberation of Tibet in 1950 s,with the development of economy and technology,the integration of cultural exchanges and the continuous promulgation of national policies,it can be found that the vernacular dwellings have undergone obvious changes.On the one hand,in the process of urbanization,due to the collective imitation behavior of local residents,the traditional architectural features are constantly lost.For example,The spatial layout of the residential buildings tends to be concentrated,the detailed construction method is more modern,the function of the space changes single,and the indoor thermal environment of the new residential buildings has changed.Based on the above background,the author attempts to expand the theory of Tibetan vernacular dwellings research by summarizing the evolution rules of vernacular dwellings in Lhasa and the factors behind the evolution,so as to provide information for the study of Tibetan vernacular dwellings and ideas for regional creative practice.First of all,by means of field investigation and literature review,the author combs the Lhasa natural and cultural environment,the basic situation of Lhasa rural areas,as well as the relevant policies and regulations,and summarizes the basic information of Lhasa historical dwellings and new dwellings.After that,the author used the theories of architectural typology,social behavior and environmental psychology to analyze the evolution rules and reasons of the vernacular dwellings in Lhasa.By using the theory of architectural typology,the author summarizes the characteristics and changing rules of the space of vernacular dwellings in Lhasa in different periods from six aspects: general layout and volume,house pattern and furniture arrangement,functional characteristics,material and structure,decoration and indoor thermal environment.By using the theory of social behavior,the author analyzes the reasons behind the evolution of vernacular dwellings in Lhasa from the perspective of group imitation behavior.By using the method of environmental psychology,the author analyzes the changes of local residents activities from the perspective of the changes of indoor thermal environment and outdoor space.Through the analysis,it is found that in the evolution of the local residential buildings in Lhasa,some of the features are preserved and some of them have changed,and the changes are obvious.1.The courtyard space and the building block change single;2.The building volume becomes higher and larger;3.The deviation of the interior core space has taken place;4.Furniture layout is loose;5.The functional diversity of courtyard space is reduced,and the function specificity of indoor space is strengthened;6.The construction materials,detailed structure and structure tend to be modernized;7.The position,color and pattern of interior and exterior decoration have changed;8.The indoor air temperature and air humidity of the newly built residential buildings are reduced.Through the analysis of the dynamic mechanism behind its evolution,it is found that the development of economic technology and the integration of culture are the prerequisite for the evolution of civil residence buildings,the living needs of local people are the main reasons for the changes of residential buildings,while the local natural geographical environment and cultural customs are the important factors for the retention of some characteristics of the residential buildings.Through the study of the evolution of vernacular dwellings in Lhasa,we find the phenomenon of cultural loss and blind imitation.In view of the characteristics and reasons of Lhasa vernacular dwellings evolution,in the future,we should provide residents with residential schemes that meet both physiological and psychological needs and make efforts to carry forward the regional architectural culture and inherit the characteristics of China’s multi-ethnic culture by combining the actual space needs of local residents and using the characteristic elements of traditional vernacular dwellings。... |
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