Study On Spatial Pattern Characteristics And Optimization Of Rural Settlements In Qinba Mountain Area Of Southern Shaanxi

The spatial distribution characteristics of settlements in specific geographic units are of great significance for studying the relationship between people and land,grasping the spatial structure of settlements,and promoting the harmonious and sustainable development of the relationship between people and land.The hilly and gully areas of the Qinba Mountains in southern Shaanxi have complex topographical conditions,important ecological values and distinctive regional characteristics,and settlement distribution is of great research value.This time,taking the Hanbin District of Ankang City in the Qinba Mountains of Southern Shaanxi as the research object,extracting rural settlement patches based on the rural land survey database of Hanbin District,comprehensively applying the landscape pattern index and the spatial analysis method of Arc Gis 10.2.Analyze the spatial pattern characteristics of rural settlements in the district,divide the spatial types of rural settlements according to the spatial clustering method,and detect the influence of topography,rivers and other elements on the evolution of the spatial pattern of settlements according to the buffer analysis.The research results show that:(1)From a global perspective,the spatial pattern of rural settlements in Hanbin District has prominent characteristics of scale differentiation.Rural settlements in the Yuehechuandao area in the middle of the county show a large-scale-highdensity distribution,and rural settlements in the northern and southern regions show a smallscale distribution.-Low-density distribution characteristics,and rural settlements within the county area present a multi-core belt-shaped density distribution characteristic in the central and western regions.In terms of spatial morphology,the zoning characteristics of the whole region’s villages are prominent.In the central part of the county,settlements are frequent and human-land activities are frequent.The patches are complex in shape and low in fragmentation,mainly finger-shaped and clump-shaped.The settlements in the north and south of the county are more complex and fragmented.Lower,the settlements tend to be distributed in loose clusters,and the settlements on the northernmost side of the town are highly fragmented and tend to be scattered.(2)According to the spatial clustering analysis,the rural settlements in Hanbin District are divided into four spatial types: high-density finger-shaped agglomeration,hilly point mosaic,high-density point mosaic and band-shaped agglomeration,and low-density scattered point distribution.(3)Town area scale,selecting four types of typical townships with agglomeration characteristics,and finding that the population sizes of the four types of townships all tend to be evenly distributed.If there are high-grade rivers or arterial roads passing through the town area,the town area’s spatial structure is mostly axis-dependent,and vice versa.It is generally a star-point space structure.In terms of settlement location pattern,according to topography,it can be divided into three types: middle-high mountain,lowmountain and hilly,and Sichuan basin.(4)At the village scale,it is found that there are significant differences in the spatial levels of mountains,woodlands,buildings,rivers,roads,etc.within the settlements of different location patterns in Hanbin District,and they present different degrees of regional culture.(5)Evolving influence mechanism,the influence mechanism of the spatial pattern of rural settlements internally includes two parts: influence factor and driving mechanism.The driving mechanism of the spatial pattern includes the driver,the recipient and the transmission mechanism that drives the occurrence,that is,the "driver" In the process of power generation-power transmission-recipient power acceptance-driving feedback,the influencing factors play a role in the power transmission and power reception process,and the driving result will eventually lead to the development or disappearance of rural space.(6)Optimization strategy.The author summarized the characteristics of the settlement spatial pattern in Hanbin District,based on the summary of the impact mechanism,proposed the selection principle of the town’s central village,and based on the natural disaster risk assessment and the upper main functional zoning,the rural settlements in Hanbin District should be encouraged to develop Optimizing the spatial pattern of four types: type,moderate development type,controlled expansion type,and relocation and merger type.