| In 2019,the number of rural tourists in China reached 3.09 billion,which has entered the era of big tourism after experiencing small tourism and medium tourism,and has become an important growth point of rural economic development in the new era.The development of rural tourism can guide more capital,talents,information,management and other factors to flow into rural space,promote the integration and development of rural primary,secondary and tertiary industries,further optimize the relationship between urban and rural areas and improve the spatial layout.Rural tourism has become an important driving force to promote new urbanization and an important path to realize rural revitalization.When the tourist villages interact with the outside world,the internal space,economy and society are reconstructed.At the same time,due to the lag of planning management and related policies,there are some prominent problems in village development,such as disorderly expansion,chaotic structure and insufficient development space,which further affect farmers’ livelihood and development satisfaction,and hinder the sustainable development of villages.In this paper,farmers’ behavior theory and SLA（Sustainability of Livelihood）analysis framework are integrated into DSR（Driving Force-State-Response）model,and a D-S-R analysis framework of "people-land" evolution in tourist villages is attempted.Based on the methods of transfer probability matrix,livelihood diversification index,landscape pattern index,equal fan analysis,information entropy and comprehensive index of land use degree,this paper comprehensively analyzes the characteristics of farmers’ livelihood strategy,land use evolution and farmers’ satisfaction with tourism development in different stages of tourism development,discusses the driving forces of village land and farmers’ satisfaction with tourism development,and takes Laoshan Island fishing village as an example to make an empirical study,and puts forward the village planning and control strategy.The research conclusions are as follows:（1）The development process of rural tourism is closely related to the changes of farmers’ livelihood.With the development of fishing village tourism,farmers’ livelihood presents a diversified trend.Based on the existing livelihood style and the proportion of farmers’ income,the farmers in fishing villages are divided into six types: local pure farming type,going out for non-agriculture,local pure traveling type,going out and traveling,going out and farming,and local farming and traveling type.In the past 20 years,with the development of scenic spots and the development of fishing village tourism,the number of tourist-oriented and part-time traveling farmers has continued to increase,and the change trend from 2000 to 2010 is relatively stable.From 2010 to 2020,due to the influence of policies,the pure farming type mainly changed to part-time traveling and going out.Farmers’ livelihood diversity index is on the rise as a whole,farmers’ livelihood styles are diversified,and the proportion of main dominant livelihood income sources is gradually increasing.（2）Influenced by tourism factors,the expansion of land use in fishing villages has obvious tourism development orientation,and the functions of land use are gradually compounded.In the past 20 years,the scale of construction land in fishing villages has increased rapidly,with an increase rate of 55.39%.From 2000 to 2010,the S-SW axis expanded greatly,and from 2010 to 2020,the N-SW axis expanded in all directions.The structure of land use is becoming more and more complex.From 2010 to 2020,the land for tourist facilities and living service facilities increased dramatically,and their dominant position became more and more obvious.The change of land use function has mainly gone through the process of decreasing the proportion of production function,decreasing the overall living function,increasing the ecological function and increasing the proportion of compound functions,and the degree of land use development is getting higher and higher.Among them,the functional land for agricultural production has gradually changed into the functional land for business travel,the functional land for living services has increased year by year,and the functional land for production-living complex has experienced two stages of increase.（3）Tourism policy and tourism elements in the village make farmers’ means of livelihood and lifestyle different,and the satisfaction degree of part-time tourism farmers to the development of tourism in the village is generally higher than that of other farmers.In the past 20 years,the satisfaction of farmers’ comprehensive tourism development in fishing villages has changed from "average" in 2000 to "relatively satisfactory" in 2020.At the same time,the satisfaction of farmers participating in tourism is slightly higher than that of ordinary farmers,and they have more ideas and suggestions for the development of village tourism.Among them,farmers are more and more satisfied with the economic level,environmental facilities,political participation and community belonging in the process of tourism development.Affected by the fishing ban policy,farmers’ satisfaction with current life confidence and livelihood style has declined in recent ten years.In terms of culture and entertainment,farmers’ satisfaction scores in the past 20 years are low.（4）With the development of fishing village tourism,farmers’ livelihood strategies have changed,and the main driving factors affecting the satisfaction of village land and farmers’ tourism development have shifted from their own endowment to the dual driving characteristics of policy and market factors.In the stage of tourism exploration,it is mainly influenced by the natural geographical environment and policy conditions.Farmers’ livelihood strategies are mainly pure farming and going out.The layout and function of village land show the characteristics of traditional agricultural villages,and farmers’ satisfaction with tourism development is low.In the initial stage of tourism development,the policy,the government’s investment behavior and the change of farmers’ livelihood capital have all promoted the number of concurrent farmers,diversified land structure and functions in the village and improved farmers’ satisfaction with tourism development.At the stage of rapid tourism development,policy conditions promote the development of tourism market and the improvement of village environmental facilities,and the improvement of farmers’ livelihood capital further promotes the development of livelihood strategy to concurrent tourism,the improvement of village land structure and function and the further improvement of satisfaction.Figure [34] Table [26] Reference [119]... |
