Dalian Locomotive And Rolling Stock Works With The Design And Manufacture Of "Heping Type" Steam Locomotive

Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Company（Dalian Works for short）is an important locomotive production workshop in China.The "Heping type" steam locomotive,which was designed and manufactured by Dalian Works in 1956,is a great significant change to Chinese locomotive industry.In this article,We will research historical evolution of Dalian Works and the process of designing and manufacturing "Heping type" steam locomotive through archives,document literature and field research.We will also discuss the source of knowledge of science and technology.This paper will reveal the truth,such as the important work of the engineers who involved in the design and manufacture of "Heping type" locomotive,the structure and performance of "Heping type" locomotive,and the historical significance of the locomotive.This paper consists of five chapters.Chapter one is the introduction.In Chapter two,We summarize the establishment and operation of Dalian Works before 1949.When the Russian founded Dalian Works in 1899,Dalian Works only repaired locomotives.During 1906-1945 Dalian Works,which was managed by Japanese,was able to design and manufacture high-powered locomotives.During this period,Japanese established railway technology research institute to carry out applied scientific research.After 1945 Japanese technicians were evacuated.This led to the loss of production capacity of Dalian Works.The production capacity was gradually restored with the help of the Soviet Union.After50 years of development and management,Dalian Works more or less had production conditions including manufacturing shop,manufacturing facilities and technical staff.These were the necessary conditions for the manufacture of steam locomotive.In Chapter three,We summarize the recovery of locomotive repair industry including Dalian Works and the scientific research of Dalian Locomotive Research Institute from 1949 to1956.Since 1949,China vigorously developed the railway industry and related scientific research.In this period,the "Jie Fang type" steam locomotive was imitated,and the experimental research on the "Jie Fang type" steam locomotive was carried out by Dalian Locomotive Research Institute,that was the first step of locomotive scientific research of PRC.In Chapter four,We will discuss the technology of design and manufacture of "Heping type" steam locomotive in Dalian Works and its source,and describe the process of designing and manufacturing "Heping type" steam locomotive as well as the characteristics and performances of the locomotive.This study shows that the "Heping type" steam locomotive is a case of transfer of Soviet technology.The "Heping type" steam locomotive was designed and manufactured by Chinese technicians under the guidance of Soviet experts in Dalian Works,it benefited from the Soviet experts guidance,as well as Soviet science,technique and technological equipment.But Chinese technicians did not copy the Soviet scientific research achievements completely,they did some certain technical innovations according to the actual conditions.In the fifth chapter,We discuss the influence of "Heping type" locomotive.The "Heping type" steam locomotive had epoch-making significance,and ended the history of disability of manufacturing Locomotives.Then Dalian Works became the leading locomotive design and manufacturing factory in China.In the second half of the 20 th century,the "Heping type" locomotive,later known as the "Qian Jin type" locomotive,became the main locomotive in China and undertook most of the tasks of railway transportation in China.