Effect Of Irrigation On Yield And Quality Formation Of Winter Wheat In South Shanxi

To explore the suitable irrigation amount of Winter Wheat in the south of Shanxi Province,find high yield and high quality varieties suitable for local,in 2017-2019,field research was carried out in the experimental base of Shanxi Agricultural University,Hongdong County,Linfen City,Shanxi Province,the design of crack zone with big two factors was adopted in the experiment,the main area is irrigation times,The three irrigation times were used:(1)W1,irrigating at jointing and anthesis.(2)W2,irrigating at jointing and anthesis.(3)W3,irrigating at jointing and anthesis and grain filling.With wheat varieties as the sub region,Hannong 1412 and Shannong 29 were treated,The effects of irrigation on growth and development,nitrogen accumulation and translocation,starch accumulation and processing quality of different winter wheat varieties were studied,The appropriate irrigation times in this area were determined,and the new technology of water-saving irrigation was explored.The main results are as follows:(1)Irrigation can promote the growth and development of winter wheat.With the increase of irrigation times,the number of tillers of wheat population in each growth stage increased first and then decreased,and reached the maximum value in jointing stage;the plant height increased first and then tended to be gentle;the leaf area and dry matter quality increased;the number of fertile spikelets increased,but the number of non fertile spikelets decreased.It can be seen that the number of tillers,plant height and leaf area,dry matter quality,seed setting and sterile spikelets can be significantly increased in spring two water treatment(irrigation and pulling water saving + flowering water)compared with other treatments,and plant height and leaf area can be increased in booting flowering period,and dry matter quality can be improved in maturity period.(2)Irrigation can effectively improve wheat yield.With the increase of irrigation times,the number of ears,the number of grains per ear,the weight of 1000 grains and the yield of wheat all increased significantly.There was no significant difference in yield and its components between spring two water treatment and spring three water treatment.It can be seen that using Hannong 1412,spring two water(irrigation and pulling water saving + flowering water)can improve the ear number,ear grain number,1000 grain weight and yield,respectively,up to 2%、4%-11%、2%-3%、9%-23%,with better yield effect.(3)Irrigation can promote water consumption and water efficiency of wheat.With the increase of irrigation amount,the total water consumption of wheat increases,the consumption of soil water storage decreases,and the ratio of irrigation amount to total water consumption increases.Appropriate irrigation can effectively meet the water requirements of wheat plants in the middle and later stages of growth.It can be seen that the water use efficiency of spring second water(irrigation and pulling water saving + flowering water)of Hannong 1412 is significantly improved by 6%-7% compared with other treatments,which can make better use of soil water storage and promote the growth and development of wheat.(4)With the increase of irrigation times,the number of spikes,the number of grains per ear,the weight of 1000 grains and the yield of wheat increased,the grain yield of spring three water was the largest,and there was no significant difference between spring two water treatment and spring three water treatment;the content of albumin and globulin in grain was the largest,the content of gliadin and glutenin decreased;the content of protein and the yield of protein increased first and then decreased.Compared with Shannong29,Hannong 1412 can increase ear number by 2%,grain number per ear by 4%-11%,1000 grain weight by 2%-3%,yield by 9%-23%,and grain protein content by 1%-7%.(5)The activities of AGPP,SSS,GBSS and SBE increased first and then decreased during grain filling.Hannong 1412 was selected,and the two irrigation treatments in spring could improve the activities of AGPP,SSS,GBSS and SBE in the seeds.With the increase of irrigation times,the content of sucrose,starch and their components first increased and then decreased;the content of soluble sugar gradually increased,and the highest value was in spring three water irrigation,but the difference was not significant with the second water irrigation;the content of dry and wet gluten,sedimentation value increased,peak viscosity,maintain viscosity,back appreciation,thinning value,final viscosity first increased and then decreased,and gelatinization temperature increased.Using Hannong 1412,the content of soluble sugar,sucrose,amylopectin,wet gluten,water absorption,peak viscosity,viscosity and final viscosity were increased by 1%-9%,2%-8%,4%-5%,3%-2%,1%-2%,2%-3%,3%-5% and 4%-6%respectively.(6)The growth process of starch grains of Hannong 1412 and Shannong 29 is consistent.On the 7th day after anthesis,a small amount of starch granules appeared in the endosperm cells of wheat grain.Compared with spring water,the number of starch granules in spring water treatment increased.At 21 days after flowering,the type II starch granules separated from the type I starch granules faster,and the number of protrusions formed on the type I starch granules began to decrease until the end.At the same time,under the treatment of two and three waters,the separation speed of the type II starch granules in the type I starch granules was faster than that in the type I starch granules;under the mature state,the number of the same kind of abdominal II starch granules was more;under the treatment of two waters in spring The number of starch grains in the ripening stage was significantly higher than that in spring water,and there was no significant difference between spring water and spring water.It can be seen that irrigation with spring water has a favorable effect on the formation of starch grains,and Hannong 1412 has a better effect.In conclusion,selecting Hannong 1412,spring two water(irrigation and pulling water saving + flowering water)can reasonably build the group dynamics,promote the growth and development of wheat,improve the water use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency,improve the accumulation of protein and starch,effectively regulate the quality characteristics of wheat flour,better achieve water-saving and income increasing,high yield and quality,and provide high-quality and high-quality wheat area in southern Shanxi.The water regulation of wheat production cultivation provides theoretical and scientific basis.