| Subject source: 13 th five-year national key research and development program intelligent agricultural machinery equipment specialized "potato efficient harvest technology and equipment research and development" project(2016YFD0701600).With the increasing demand for potatoes,the planting area and scale have risen sharply,and the mechanized harvesting of potatoes has greatly benefited the improvement of potato production efficiency and ensuring the healthy and sustainable development of the potato industry.At present,there are many types of harvesting machinery under heavy soil conditions in northern China,but the quality of harvesting machinery varies greatly.It is mainly manifested before the harv esting operation.After the potato killing machine killing operation,the alfalfa has too high water content due to the epidermis.Cork,there is a certain degree of toughness and strength.Under such conditions,when the potato harvester without the potato stalk separation mechanism is operated,the separation effect of the potato soil will be reduced,resulting in high impurity content and reduced harvest quality.In foreign countries,for large-scale potato planting models,harvesters equipped with multi-stage potato seedling separation and potato soil separation devices are used for operation.The potato seedling separation effect has been significantly improved,but the key components installed have increased the machine specific volume and fuel consump tion,increasing Operating cost,the potato seedling separation device installed on it is too large to be installed on small and medium-sized harvesters.The separation effect of the crucible is not good,the separation device is easy to block and other problems,and the yield of the machine is high after the operation.In view of the above problems,this article studies the potato seedling separation device,and selects and designs the types of main working parts for the operating area and operation form.The main working parameters of the device are determined through the analysis of the movement mechanism and the simulation analysis of the potato seedling separation process.Field trials were conducted to test and manufacture the potato seedling separati on device to verify the rationality of the device and parameters.The main process is as follows:In view of the above problems,this study studied the potato mash separation device,and carried out structural selection,design,theoretical analysis and ex perimental research on its main working components.The main contents of this article are as follows:(1)During this time from August to October,the growth characteristics,basic mechanical parameters and basic conditions of the potato seedlings were me asured,including the plant shape,growth status,stem height,moisture content,and elastic modulus of the seedlings of the potato seedlings,The separation resistance of potato seedlings,the axial size of tubers,and the soil moisture content and firmness,supply data for the design of potato seedling separation equipment,analysis of the movement mechanism of the separation process,and simulation.(2)It is determined that the design scheme of the potato mash separation device is the guide squeezing roller type,the structure of the smashing rod and the picking roller is combined with the smashing,and the primary driving roller and the auxiliary driving roller of the first lifting separation screen are combined with the anti-winding method.The main drive roller and the auxiliary drive roller of the first-class lift separation screen are both 1968 mm in length and 194 mm in diameter.The length of the pick-up roller is 1825 mm,which is directly 83 mm.The adjusting plates are arranged on both sides to regulate the separation with the first-class lift separation screen.The distance between the bars and the bar is 120 mm,the weight of the counterweight ball is 10 kg,the bar and the counterweight ball are all ten sets,and the adjustment range of the lever arm is 15°-60°.The yam separation device is equipped with adjustment and power transmission mechanisms,which can make it free when the separation device is not needed,reducing the loss and saving cost.(3)Through the kinematics analysis,kinetic analysis and elastic mechanics analysis of the yam in the separation process,including the movement rules of the potato tubers and the yam,the main factors affecting the operation efficiency of the yam separation device are obtained,except for the physiology of the yam.In addition to the nature,it also includes the distance between the main drive roller speed of the first-stage lift separation screen,the pick-up roll speed,the pick-up roll and the first-stage lift separation screen,and the working parameter required to complete the separation of the potato chips is the pick-up roll speed.3.0-9.0r/s,in order to explore the optimal working parameters of the potato mash separation device,the linear speed of the primary drive roller of the first-stage lift separation screen is 0.8-2.4 m/s,and the pick-up roller and the first-stage lift separation screen The distance between them is 2-3cm.(4)The field experiment was carried out,and the regression model of the test index and the influencing factors was established,and the optimization solution was carried out.The main influencing factors and parameter level ranges determined according to the mechanism analysis of potato seedling separation process and simulation,and the second orthogonal rotation combine t he test,seek the best combination of parameters,analyze the test results,and finally optimize the movement parameters of the device;large-scale harvesting operations were performed in the test field,complete the verification test to measure the separa tion effect of the equipment,and the rationality of the design was verified.The test results showed that the line speed of the main drive roller of the first-stage lift separation screen was 1.6 m/s,and the pick-up roll speed was 6.0 r/s.The distance between the main driving roller and the picking roller of the separation screen is 2.5cm,and the corresponding test index has a 2.4% impurity rate,1.4% breaking skin rate which is superior to the national industry standardThe seedling-guiding roller-type potato seedling separation device designed in this paper can enhance the efficiency of potato seedling separation,provide new ideas for the design of potato seedling separation equipment and the study of separation process... |
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