Study On Preparation And Effect Of Prescription Diet For Regulating Canine Chronic Renal Failure Complicated With Hyperlipidemia

Chronic renal failure(CRF)in dogs is generally caused by a variety of primary kidney diseases or secondary to a decrease in glomerular filtration rate and related metabolic disorders,which are caused by other diseases.It is a clinical syndrome with progressive deterioration of renal function.Once a dog is diagnosed with chronic renal failure,it is difficult to cure,because the kidney has a strong compensatory ability,and before the dog has obvious symptoms or abnormal changes of biochemical indicator,2/3 to 3/4 of the kidney tissue has been already damaged.Chronic renal failure generally cannot be cured by medication,it is necessary to combine it with diet management and use prescription kidney diet.Although there are already many brands of dog kidney diets on the market,they are not suitable for dogs,which are suffering from chronic kidney disease complicated with hyperlipidemia.Because kidney diets are usually regulated by reducing protein content,improving the protein quality,and reducing phosphorus content.To ensure adequate energy supply,most of them are high in fat.In the experiment,by analyzing the pathogenesis of chronic renal failure and nutrient requirements of dogs,a prescription diet was designed,which can both prevent further deterioration of renal function and regulate lipid metabolism disorders.A mouse model of chronic renal failure complicated with hyperlipidemia was setup.And we completed the feeding experiment using mice as experimental animal model.Another feeding experiment was performed in 5 dog clinical cases,aim to lay a certain foundation for the widespread application of the prescription dog food in clinical practice.Experiment Ⅰ Formula design and production of prescription dietIn this experiment,based on the nutritional regulation principles of chronic renal failure and hyperlipidemia,the basic formula was designed and optimized,and the optimal ratio of raw materials was determined.This formula is designed with full consideration of the amino acid balance,protein utilization and phosphorus content of the raw materials.The main sources of protein in the formula are chicken breast,maize,whole egg powder and fishmeal.The sources of fat are mainly sunflower oil and fish oil.Determination of nutritional components:Crude protein 15.81%,crude fat 12.11%,calcium 0.58%,phosphorus 0.29%(based on dry matter).These values are basically consistent with the nutritional ingredients in the formula.The cost of raw material is 8.3 yuan/kg,plus the cost of foundry including packing charge,the total cost of the prescription diet is 14.3 yuan/kg.Experiment Ⅱ Setup mouse model of chronic renal failure complicated with hyperlipidemiaIn this experiment,a mouse model of chronic renal failure complicated with hyperlipidemia was setup by high-fat with adenine diet.Mice were fed with rat feed with 0.2%adenine and 49.4%kcal%fat,the model was successfully setup 4 weeks later.The mice of the model group showed atrophy of both kidney.There were multifocality basophilic tubules,inflammatory cell infiltration and fiber hyperplasis in the interstitium in renal tissue under light microscope.The blood biochemical indexes BUN,CRE,Ca,P,and TC of the model group mice were significantly increased(P<0.01).Experiment Ⅲ Feeding effect of prescription diet in the mouse model of chronic renal failure complicated with hyperlipidemiaIn order to evaluate the feeding effect of the prescription diet designed in this study,two brands of prescription kidney diets for dogs with high sellers(R canine kidney diet and X canine kidney diet)and Shoobree lab rat feed were selected for comparison,and a 4-week feeding experiment was performed in the model mice.By comparing the weight gain,changes of blood biochemical indexes and kidney pathology scores,it was found that all the three prescription kidney diets could slow the condition’s progression,and the effect was A(Prescription diet designed in this study)>R(R canine kidney diet)>X(X canine kidney diet).For the control of hyperlipidemia,only A has effect of correcting the lipid metabolism disorder.Experiment Ⅳ Preliminary feeding effect of prescription diet in dogs with chronic renal failureThe feeding experiment was performed in 5 clinical cases in dogs,which are diagnosed with chronic renal failure,and 2 of them complicated with hyperlipidemia.Combine medication with prescription diet feeding designed in this study,check the blood biochemical indexes after 3 weeks.Based on the changes in mental status and blood biochemical indexes,we evaluated the preliminary feeding effect of the prescription diet.After feeding the prescription diet for 3 weeks,the symptoms were significantly decreased in 3 cases.The concentrations of BUN,CRE and P were significantly decreased in these 3 cases,and the concentrations of CHOL and TG returned to normal range in 2 cases,which complicated with hyperlipidemia.